treatment-resistant depression – Page 7

Psychedelic-assisted therapy – supposedly paradigm-shifting research with poor attempts at hypotheses falsifying and questionable ethics

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This paper critically examines recent clinical trials testing MDMA and psilocybin for treating PTSD and depression. While these trials reported promising results, the author identifies serious scientific and ethical problems: participants could tell whether they received the drug or placebo due to its strong effects, researchers and therapists who strongly believed in the treatment may have unconsciously influenced patient responses, and negative side effects may have been downplayed. The author argues that without fixing these problems, the entire field of psychedelic therapy research could lose credibility.

New and emerging pharmacologic treatments for MDD

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Major depressive disorder affects millions worldwide and current antidepressants often don’t work well or take weeks to be effective. Researchers have developed exciting new treatments that work through different brain mechanisms and show promise for rapid symptom relief. These include nasal spray ketamine (approved 2019), oral medications like zuranolone (approved 2023), and investigational treatments including psilocybin, which show benefits especially for treatment-resistant cases. While many show great promise, more research is needed on long-term safety and how to make them widely available.

Ketamine, Psychedelics, and Psychotherapy: Reframing, Redefining, Renaming Treatment Models

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This paper addresses confusion about how ketamine and psychedelics are being used to treat mental health conditions like depression and PTSD. The authors propose new clear definitions to distinguish whether these drugs are used alone for their chemical effects, combined with established talk therapies, or used to create experiences that are then processed in therapy. Using these clearer definitions will help patients, doctors, and regulators better understand what treatments involve and make more informed decisions.

Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects

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This study directly compared two popular psychedelic drugs, LSD and psilocybin (magic mushrooms), in 28 healthy volunteers. Researchers found that these substances produce very similar mental effects when given at equivalent doses, with the main difference being that LSD lasts longer. The study establishes that about 20 milligrams of psilocybin is roughly equivalent to 100 micrograms of LSD. These findings could help guide dosing for future psychiatric treatments using these psychedelics.

Pharmacokinetics of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review

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This review examines how the body processes psilocybin, a compound from magic mushrooms being studied for treating depression and anxiety. When taken orally, psilocybin is quickly converted to its active form, psilocin, which reaches peak levels in the bloodstream within 1-4 hours and is eliminated mainly through urine. The body’s ability to process psilocybin involves specific liver enzymes that vary between individuals, potentially explaining why people respond differently to the same dose and why certain medications can interfere with its effects.

Therapeutic and legal aspects of psilocybin in cancer-related depression

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This paper examines how psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychoactive compound from mushrooms, could help cancer patients—especially those with head and neck cancer—who develop severe depression after surgery. Unlike traditional antidepressants that take weeks to work, psilocybin acts within hours, making it potentially ideal for patients needing rapid mental health support following disfiguring surgical procedures. However, while psilocybin is legal for medical or research use in several countries like Australia and Portugal, it remains restricted in Poland and many other places, creating legal barriers to its clinical implementation.

Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: The need to monitor adverse events

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While psychedelics show promise for treating depression and other mental health conditions, researchers need better systems to monitor and report any harmful effects they might cause. This paper calls for more careful, consistent tracking of both physical changes (like blood pressure) and psychological experiences during psychedelic therapy. The authors emphasize that safety monitoring should continue even after patients leave the clinic and that women may experience different side effects than men.

Engaging Mood Brain Circuits with Psilocybin (EMBRACE): a study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled and delayed-start, neuroimaging trial in depression

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This research study is investigating how psilocybin, a compound from certain mushrooms, affects the brain in people with depression. The study involves 50 participants who will receive either psilocybin or a placebo, with their brain activity monitored using advanced imaging scans. Researchers will examine how psilocybin changes blood flow and network activity in brain regions involved in mood regulation, and whether these changes are linked to improvements in depression symptoms.

Psilocybin as Transformative Fast-Acting Antidepressant: Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms

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Psilocybin, a compound from certain mushrooms, is being studied as a potential rapid-acting treatment for severe depression that doesn’t respond to standard antidepressants. Unlike conventional antidepressants that take weeks to work, psilocybin shows promise for producing mood improvements within days. The drug works by activating serotonin receptors in the brain and promoting the growth of new neural connections, though researchers are still working to fully understand how it achieves its antidepressant effects.

Further education in psychedelic-assisted therapy – experiences from Switzerland

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As psychedelic drugs show promise in treating serious mental health conditions like depression and PTSD, there is growing need to train therapists to safely administer these novel treatments. Switzerland’s leading medical association has developed a comprehensive three-year training program that combines classroom learning with hands-on practice to prepare doctors and psychologists. The program faces overwhelming demand, with far more people wanting to train than available spots, highlighting the urgent need for more specialized education programs as these treatments potentially become mainstream medications.

Disease: treatment-resistant depression