Disease: teratogenicity

A comprehensive review of mycotoxins, their toxicity, and innovative detoxification methods

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Mycotoxins are poisons produced by molds that commonly contaminate foods like grains, nuts, and spices, causing serious health problems in people and animals. This comprehensive review examines how these toxins affect our health, how to detect them in food, and various methods to remove or destroy them. Traditional approaches using biological agents and chemicals work well but are only partially effective, while newer innovative methods using nanoparticles and plant extracts show greater promise for more complete protection of our food supply.

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Patulin Biodegradation by Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae and Meyerozyma guilliermondii Isolated From Fruits

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Patulin is a dangerous toxin produced by molds that grow on apples and peaches, posing serious health risks to consumers. Researchers isolated two yeast species from fruits that can effectively break down patulin into a less toxic compound called (E)-ascladiol. The yeasts work by using enzymes inside their cells to degrade the toxin, and this biological approach could be used to safely remove patulin from contaminated fruits and fruit products.

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Pleurotus spp.—an effective way in degradation mycotoxins? A comprehensive review

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This review examines how oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) can break down mycotoxins—harmful compounds produced by molds in food and animal feed. These mushrooms produce special enzymes that can degrade toxins like aflatoxins and zearalenone, potentially reaching 30-100% degradation depending on conditions. This offers a safer, more environmentally friendly alternative to chemical detoxification methods currently used in the food industry.

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Removal of Aflatoxin B1 by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism

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This research discovered that edible mushroom varieties, particularly Bjerkandera adusta, can remove harmful aflatoxin B1 poison from food and animal feed. The mushroom fungi work by binding the toxin to their cell structures, acting like a sponge that soaks up the dangerous chemical. This natural method is safer and more practical than chemical or heat-based approaches because it doesn’t damage the nutritional value of food while making it safer to eat.

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Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 concentrations in cheese puffs made from corn flour in Iran

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Researchers tested 27 cheese puff snack packages from three popular Iranian brands to check for aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins are harmful toxins produced by mold that can contaminate corn-based foods. All samples showed detectable aflatoxin levels, but fortunately, none exceeded the safe limits set by Iran or the European Union. However, experts recommend continuous monitoring of these products because even low-level aflatoxin exposure over time could harm health, especially in children who consume these snacks frequently.

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