oxidative stress – Page 4

Analytical Determination of Heavy Metals in Water Using Carbon-Based Materials

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This review examines how special carbon-based materials can detect toxic metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury in water quickly and inexpensively. These sensors use electrochemical methods to identify metal contamination at extremely low levels, far below what could harm human health. Some newer sensors are self-powered and can show results with color changes visible to the naked eye, making them perfect for rapid testing in the field without expensive laboratory equipment.

Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Metabolite Profiles Change During Whey Fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus

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Scientists fermented whey (a dairy byproduct) using a special yeast called Kluyveromyces marxianus to create a nutrient-rich food. Using advanced analysis, they found that fermentation breaks down large proteins and fats into smaller, more beneficial compounds including amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids. The fermented whey showed significant increases in health-promoting substances that could help reduce inflammation, prevent disease, and improve overall nutrition.

Serendipita indica Enhances Drought Tolerance in Phoebe sheareri Seedlings by Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency, Stimulating the Antioxidant Defense System, and Modulating Hormone Synthesis

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Scientists discovered that inoculating seedlings of Phoebe sheareri, a valuable Chinese tree species, with a special fungus called Serendipita indica significantly improves their ability to survive drought. The fungus colonizes plant roots and enhances photosynthesis, boosts the plant’s natural antioxidant defenses, and regulates growth hormones. This research suggests a practical and biological approach to improve seedling survival in nurseries and reforestation efforts, particularly in regions affected by drought and climate change.

Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provide Insight into Degeneration-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Morchella importuna During Repeated Subculturing

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Morel mushrooms are prized edible fungi that unfortunately degrade when repeatedly cultured in the laboratory, becoming slower-growing and less productive. Researchers used advanced genetic and chemical analysis to discover that degeneration occurs when the mushroom stops producing flavonoids, natural antioxidants that protect cells from damage. A specific gene called NR-PKS is responsible for making these protective flavonoids, and it shuts down in degraded strains. The study suggests that preservation methods using cold storage or adding antioxidants could help maintain healthy, productive morel cultures.

Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract prevents histopathological alterations in liver induced by environmental toxicant Microcystin

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This research shows that Chaga mushroom extract can protect the liver from damage caused by microcystin, a toxic chemical produced by cyanobacteria in water. When mice were exposed to microcystin, their livers became damaged, but treating them with Chaga mushroom extract restored normal liver function and prevented cell death. The study suggests Chaga mushroom could be used as a natural supplement to prevent liver toxicity from environmental pollutants.

Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provide Insight into Degeneration-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Morchella importuna During Repeated Subculturing

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Morel mushrooms lose quality when repeatedly cultured in laboratories, becoming slower-growing and less vibrant. Scientists discovered this happens because genes controlling antioxidant production shut down, allowing harmful free radicals to damage cells. By avoiding frequent subculturing and using cold storage or antioxidant supplements, farmers can keep their morel strains healthy and productive for longer.

Adaptive Responses in High-Radiation Environments: Insights From Chernobyl Wildlife and Ramsar Residents

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Animals and humans living in highly radioactive environments have evolved protective mechanisms to survive and thrive. Frogs in Chernobyl have developed darker skin that absorbs radiation energy, while people in Ramsar have enhanced DNA repair abilities. These natural adaptations challenge the assumption that all radiation exposure is harmful and provide insights into how life adapts to environmental challenges.

Halotolerant Endophytic Fungi: Diversity, Host Plants, and Mechanisms in Plant Salt–Alkali Stress Alleviation

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Salty and alkaline soil is destroying farmland worldwide, but special fungi living inside plants can help crops survive these harsh conditions. These fungi work like a team with plants, producing protective substances and helping plants manage salt and reduce damage from stress. Scientists reviewed 150 studies and found these fungi boost crop yields by 15-40%, offering a natural way to farm on degraded land without more chemicals.

The Antioxidant Properties of Extracts of Cuscuta spp. Depend on the Parasite and the Host Species

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Dodder plants (Cuscuta species) used in traditional medicine contain powerful antioxidant compounds that can help protect cells from damage. This study found that different dodder species have varying amounts of these beneficial compounds, and surprisingly, the type of host plant the dodder parasitizes directly affects how many antioxidants it produces. When dodders infect aromatic plants like thyme and rosemary, they accumulate more antioxidant compounds than when grown on other plants.

Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds in Edible Mushroom-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Isolation and Characterization of EVs from Pleurotus eryngii

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Scientists have isolated and studied tiny capsule-like particles called extracellular vesicles from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. These vesicles, which are naturally produced by the mushroom, contain beneficial compounds like antioxidants that help protect cells from damage. The researchers found that vesicles from mushroom mycelium (the root-like part) were of higher quality and had stronger antioxidant effects than those from the fruiting body. These findings suggest that mushroom-derived vesicles could potentially be developed into health supplements or therapeutic treatments.

Disease: oxidative stress