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Evaluation of the Influence of Varied Juncao Grass Substrates on Physiological and Enzymatic Reactions of Pleurotus ostreatus

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This study tested three types of Juncao grass as growing materials for oyster mushrooms as an eco-friendly alternative to using wood. Researchers measured how well the mushrooms grew, their nutritional value, and the enzymes produced during cultivation. The grass called Cenchrus fungigraminus produced the best results with the highest yield and quality, making it a promising sustainable solution for mushroom farming that helps reduce deforestation.

Effects and formula optimization of Rosa roxbunghii pomace substrate on the yield and volatile flavor compounds of Lentinula edodes

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Researchers discovered that using Rosa roxbunghii fruit waste as 30% of the growing medium for shiitake mushrooms produces better yields and more flavorful mushrooms compared to traditional sawdust-based methods. This sustainable approach solves a waste disposal problem while making mushrooms taste better, with higher levels of umami-contributing compounds. The findings could help local farmers reduce costs and improve mushroom quality while managing agricultural waste responsibly.

A review on architecture with fungal biomaterials: the desired and the feasible

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This review examines how mushroom mycelium can be used as a sustainable building material to reduce the construction industry’s carbon footprint. Six notable architectural projects from 2014-2021 demonstrate different approaches to using mycelium-based blocks and panels for constructing pavilions and temporary structures. The research shows that while mycelium composites offer environmental benefits and exciting design possibilities, they typically need reinforcement with traditional materials and careful production control to be effective in larger structures.

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

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Plastic particles called microplastics are increasingly polluting Himalayan lakes through tourism, waste, and glacier melting, harming fish and water quality. Scientists are testing various cleanup methods including physical filters, chemical treatments, and microbe-based solutions. Tiny engineered materials under UV light show promise for breaking down plastics in cold mountain environments. Better policies, monitoring, and community action are needed to protect these important freshwater sources.

Microbial Degradation of Chromium-Tanned Leather During Thermophilic Composting: A Multi-Scale Analysis of Microbial Communities and Structural Disruption

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This study investigated how naturally occurring microorganisms can break down chromium-tanned leather waste through controlled composting at high temperatures. Researchers found that thermophilic composting successfully fragmented leather and selected specialized bacteria and fungi capable of surviving in chromium-rich environments. These microorganisms formed protective biofilms on leather surfaces, suggesting potential strategies for safer disposal of leather waste from the footwear and tannery industries.

Harnessing carbon potential of lignocellulosic biomass: advances in pretreatments, applications, and the transformative role of machine learning in biorefineries

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This comprehensive review examines how agricultural and forestry waste containing lignocellulose can be transformed into valuable products like biofuels, packaging materials, and medical supplies. The paper covers various treatment methods to break down the tough plant material structure and highlights how artificial intelligence can improve these processes. By utilizing this abundant waste resource efficiently, we can reduce environmental pollution, generate renewable energy, and create useful products while supporting a circular economy approach.

Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of fungal-based composite materials using the tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius

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Scientists have developed a way to 3D print objects using mushroom mycelium (the thread-like structure of fungi) mixed with seaweed-derived alginate. These lightweight, spongy printed objects are biodegradable and have properties similar to polystyrene foam, but are made from renewable resources. This breakthrough could eventually replace plastic foam in packaging and other applications with an eco-friendly fungal alternative.

Ecofriendly Usability of Mushroom Cultivation Substrate as a Ruminant Feed: Anaerobic Digestion Using Gas Production Techniques

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Mushroom farming produces large amounts of waste substrate that typically ends up in landfills. This research shows that after mushrooms are harvested, the remaining substrate can be safely fed to cattle and other ruminant animals. The mushroom cultivation process actually improves the substrate’s nutritional quality by breaking down tough plant fibers, making it easier for animals to digest. This discovery could help farms reduce waste, lower feeding costs, and address environmental pollution.

Isolation and characterization of marine microorganisms capable of degrading plastics

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Scientists have discovered over 1,500 marine bacteria and fungi that can break down different types of plastic waste. By using optimized culturing methods, they isolated microorganisms capable of degrading common plastics like bottles, foam, and packaging materials. This research provides a foundation for developing biological solutions to address ocean plastic pollution through microbial-based technologies.

Act1 out of Action: Identifying Reliable Reference Genes in Trichoderma reesei for Gene Expression Analysis

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Scientists studying the fungus Trichoderma reesei, which is used industrially to produce enzymes, found that the reference genes commonly used to measure gene activity (act1 and sar1) are not as reliable as previously thought. By analyzing genetic data from multiple studies, they identified two better reference genes called bzp1 and tpc1 that maintain more consistent expression levels across different growth conditions. Using these better reference genes will help researchers more accurately measure how genes are expressed in this important industrial fungus.

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