Disease: mutagenicity

A comprehensive review of mycotoxins, their toxicity, and innovative detoxification methods

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Mycotoxins are poisons produced by molds that commonly contaminate foods like grains, nuts, and spices, causing serious health problems in people and animals. This comprehensive review examines how these toxins affect our health, how to detect them in food, and various methods to remove or destroy them. Traditional approaches using biological agents and chemicals work well but are only partially effective, while newer innovative methods using nanoparticles and plant extracts show greater promise for more complete protection of our food supply.

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Environmental Impacts and Strategies for Bioremediation of Dye-Containing Wastewater

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Textile factories release large amounts of dyes into water, creating serious pollution problems. Scientists have discovered that tiny living organisms like bacteria, fungi, and algae can eat and break down these dyes into harmless substances. This biological approach is cheaper, safer, and more environmentally friendly than traditional chemical methods used to clean wastewater, making it a promising solution for industries worldwide.

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Pleurotus spp.—an effective way in degradation mycotoxins? A comprehensive review

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This review examines how oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) can break down mycotoxins—harmful compounds produced by molds in food and animal feed. These mushrooms produce special enzymes that can degrade toxins like aflatoxins and zearalenone, potentially reaching 30-100% degradation depending on conditions. This offers a safer, more environmentally friendly alternative to chemical detoxification methods currently used in the food industry.

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White Rot Fungi as Tools for the Bioremediation of Xenobiotics: A Review

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White rot fungi are nature’s cleanup crew that can break down many toxic chemicals in our environment, from industrial dyes to pesticides. These special fungi produce powerful enzymes that can degrade pollutants that normally resist breakdown, making them promising tools for cleaning contaminated soil and water. Scientists are studying how to better harness these fungi’s abilities to treat industrial wastewater and restore polluted environments.

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Novel method for rapid monitoring of OPFRs by LLE and GC–MS as a tool for assessing biodegradation: validation and applicability

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This study developed a new analytical method to detect and measure organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in water samples. Researchers tested whether certain fungi, particularly white-rot fungi like Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor, could break down these toxic chemicals that are difficult to remove by conventional water treatment. The results show these fungi can effectively degrade some OPFRs, offering a promising biological treatment option for contaminated wastewater.

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Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 concentrations in cheese puffs made from corn flour in Iran

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Researchers tested 27 cheese puff snack packages from three popular Iranian brands to check for aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins are harmful toxins produced by mold that can contaminate corn-based foods. All samples showed detectable aflatoxin levels, but fortunately, none exceeded the safe limits set by Iran or the European Union. However, experts recommend continuous monitoring of these products because even low-level aflatoxin exposure over time could harm health, especially in children who consume these snacks frequently.

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