Inflammatory diseases

Modulation of gut microbiome in response to the combination of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and sugars: a pilot study using host-free system reflecting impact on interpersonal microbiome

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This study examined how a beneficial bacteria called Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 combined with different types of sugar affects gut bacteria. Researchers found that the effectiveness of these treatments depends heavily on each person’s unique starting microbiota composition, which is shaped by their diet, lifestyle, and health status. The results show that one-size-fits-all probiotic treatments don’t work equally for everyone, and doctors should personalize treatments based on an individual’s existing gut bacteria profile.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Accumulation of Key Metabolites with Medicinal Properties of Phylloporia pulla

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Scientists studied a medicinal fungus called Phylloporia pulla to understand which health-promoting compounds it produces and how it makes them. Using advanced genetic and chemical analysis tools, they discovered the fungus produces beneficial compounds like steroids and triterpenoids that have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, with production peaking around the middle of the fungus’s growth cycle. They identified six key genes that control the production of celastrol, a particularly valuable compound with potential to treat diseases like Alzheimer’s and cancer. This research helps explain why this fungus has been used traditionally in medicine and provides guidance for growing it to maximize production of these beneficial compounds.

Bioactive Peptides and Other Immunomodulators of Mushroom Origin

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Mushrooms contain special compounds called peptides and proteins that can boost your immune system and fight harmful bacteria. These mushroom-derived compounds show promise as natural alternatives to antibiotics, which are becoming less effective due to antibiotic resistance. Researchers are studying how these mushroom compounds could help treat difficult infections, wounds that won’t heal, and cancer, though more testing is needed before they can be used widely as medicines.

Mechanism Underlying Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Biosynthesis Regulation by the β-1,3-Glucosyltransferase Gene gl20535

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Researchers studied a gene called gl20535 in the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum that controls how the fungus makes beneficial polysaccharides. When they increased this gene’s activity, the mushroom produced significantly more polysaccharides with improved composition. The gene works by controlling sugar pathways and related enzyme production, and the mushroom compensates when this gene is reduced. These findings could help improve the production of medicinal mushroom products for food and health applications.

Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds in Edible Mushroom-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Isolation and Characterization of EVs from Pleurotus eryngii

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Researchers isolated tiny particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a medicinal mushroom called king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii). These EVs act like natural delivery packages containing beneficial compounds like antioxidants and anti-inflammatory molecules. The study found that EVs from mushroom mycelium (the root-like part) were purer and more potent than those from the mushroom cap, with strong abilities to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.

Modulating the gut microbiota is involved in the effect of low-molecular-weight Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on immune function

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Researchers studied a natural compound from licorice called Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP) to see if it could help restore immune function in mice weakened by chemotherapy. GP treatment improved intestinal health, boosted immune cells, and changed the gut bacteria composition to favor beneficial strains. The study shows that GP works partly by modifying which bacteria live in the gut, which then support the immune system. This research suggests GP could be useful as a natural supplement for strengthening immunity and treating intestinal inflammation.

Emerging paradigms for target discovery of traditional medicines: A genome-wide pan-GPCR perspective

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Traditional medicines from plants, animals, and fungi contain chemical compounds that can interact with specific proteins in our cells called G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors control many important body functions and are targeted by about one-third of all FDA-approved medications. This review explains how scientists are discovering new therapeutic compounds from traditional medicines by systematically screening them against the complete library of human GPCRs, using advanced techniques to identify which compounds bind to which receptors. Famous examples include morphine from poppies for pain relief and compounds from ginseng that help regulate blood sugar.

Biotechnological Applications of Mushrooms under the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Crucial Aspects and Prospects from Farm to Pharmacy

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Mushrooms are emerging as a powerful solution for solving global food, water, and energy challenges. Scientists are using biotechnology to produce tiny healing particles from mushrooms, clean up polluted soil and water, create renewable energy, and extract beneficial compounds for medicine and health. This review shows how integrated mushroom farming can help achieve sustainable development goals while reducing waste and supporting human wellbeing.

Therapeutic and Preventive Potential of Plant-Derived Antioxidant Nutraceuticals

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This comprehensive review explores how compounds found in plants can protect our bodies from harmful damage caused by oxidative stress, which is linked to aging and various diseases. Plant-based foods rich in antioxidants like berries, leafy greens, and olive oil contain special molecules that can help prevent cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic conditions. The review highlights that these natural compounds work through multiple beneficial mechanisms beyond just antioxidant activity, making plant-based diets an effective strategy for maintaining health and preventing disease.

Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-pyroptotic properties in diabetes-associated periodontitis: A preliminary in vitro study

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Researchers studied a compound from the Flammulina velutipes mushroom (enoki mushroom) to see if it could help protect gum tissue in people with both diabetes and gum disease. Using human gum cell samples exposed to disease-simulating conditions, they found that the mushroom polysaccharides reduced cell damage, decreased inflammation, and prevented a harmful type of cell death called pyroptosis. The results suggest this mushroom compound could potentially be used as a supplementary treatment for people with diabetes-related gum disease.

Disease: Inflammatory diseases