Alzheimer’s disease – Page 8

Anti-Xanthine Oxidase 5′-Hydroxyhericenes A–D from the Edible Mushroom Hericium erinaceus and Structure Revision of 3-[2,3-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-1-yl]-pyridine-4,5-diol

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Researchers isolated new compounds from Lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) that can inhibit xanthine oxidase, an enzyme linked to breast cancer development. One compound called hericerin showed strong activity against a specific type of breast cancer cell (T47D cells) while being less harmful to normal cells. The study also corrected a misidentification from previous research, confirming that a compound previously thought to have a different structure was actually adenosine. These findings suggest Lion’s mane could be developed into a natural anti-cancer treatment.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction to Obtain Erinacine A and Polyphenols with Antioxidant Activity from the Fungal Biomass of Hericium erinaceus

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Researchers developed an efficient ultrasonic extraction method to obtain beneficial compounds from the lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus), particularly a substance called erinacine A and antioxidants. The optimized process uses 80% ethanol and takes 45 minutes, producing extracts rich in antioxidants that can protect cells from damage. These extracts showed promise in protecting brain cells and could potentially help prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.

The Biological Activity of Ganoderma lucidum on Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Interplay between Different Active Compounds and the Pathological Hallmarks

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Reishi mushroom, used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries, contains over 400 bioactive compounds that show promise in protecting the brain from degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The mushroom’s components work through multiple pathways to reduce inflammation, fight oxidative stress, and protect neurons from damage. While laboratory and animal studies show encouraging results, human clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness as a treatment.

Correlation between Vegetable and Fruit Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China

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This study examined how eating different types of fruits and vegetables affects brain health in older adults in Chongqing, China. Researchers found that higher fruit intake and eating more root vegetables (like carrots and turnips) were associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of mild cognitive impairment. Some vegetables like tomatoes and peppers also showed protective benefits, while leafy greens did not show a significant effect. The findings suggest that encouraging older adults to eat more fruits and certain vegetables could help prevent memory problems and cognitive decline.

Synaptic degeneration in the prefrontal cortex of a rat AD model revealed by volume electron microscopy

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Researchers used advanced microscopy techniques to examine brain tissue from rats with Alzheimer’s disease and compared it to healthy rats. They found that Alzheimer’s disease causes damage to connections between brain cells (synapses) in a brain region important for thinking and memory. Specifically, the connections were weaker and smaller, and many new spine-like structures formed but didn’t properly connect to other cells, suggesting the brain may be trying unsuccessfully to compensate for the disease.

ELAV/Hu RNA-binding protein family: key regulators in neurological disorders, cancer, and other diseases

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ELAV/Hu proteins are molecular machines that control how cells read and use genetic instructions. Found mostly in the brain and nervous system, these proteins help manage which genes get turned on or off, which is crucial for proper brain development and function. When these proteins go wrong, they can contribute to serious diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cancer, and autism, making them promising targets for new treatments.

The palmitoyl-CoA ligase Fum16 is part of a Fusarium verticillioides fumonisin subcluster involved in self-protection

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This research reveals how corn fungi protect themselves from their own toxic products by employing specialized defense enzymes. Scientists discovered that five genes work together in a protective cluster, with some enzymes strengthening the fungal cell’s natural defenses while others actively break down the toxin. This discovery helps explain how dangerous fungi survive and could lead to better strategies for preventing mycotoxin contamination in crops and developing disease-resistant plants.

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Biological Activity of the Polar and Non-Polar Fractions Obtained from the Roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim

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Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) roots contain powerful antioxidant compounds that may help with inflammation, blood sugar control, and brain health. Researchers found that certain plant fractions were particularly rich in protective compounds like chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. However, the study also discovered a concerning finding: these plant compounds protected cancer cells from chemotherapy drugs, suggesting people undergoing cancer treatment should be cautious about using this supplement.

GDF11 slows excitatory neuronal senescence and brain ageing by repressing p21

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As we age, brain cells called excitatory neurons undergo senescence, similar to cellular ageing. This study found that a protein called GDF11 protects these neurons from ageing. When GDF11 was removed from excitatory neurons in mice, the neurons aged faster, leading to memory problems and shorter lifespans. The research reveals that GDF11 works by blocking p21, a molecule that promotes cellular ageing.

Neuroprotective properties of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins in 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Scientists studied how Bcl-2 proteins might protect the brain from Alzheimer’s disease by controlling calcium levels in nerve cells. They injected modified Bcl-2 proteins into the brains of mice engineered to develop Alzheimer’s symptoms and found that these proteins helped preserve the connections between nerve cells and reduced harmful amyloid plaque buildup. A special version of Bcl-2 that worked primarily on one type of calcium channel was surprisingly most effective at reducing amyloid plaques, suggesting this specific mechanism could be important for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Disease: Alzheimer's disease