Bioactive Compound: penicillin

An Overview of Microorganisms Immobilized in a Gel Structure for the Production of Precursors, Antibiotics, and Valuable Products

Scientists have developed methods to trap bacteria and fungi inside gel structures, similar to tiny capsules. These immobilized microorganisms can produce antibiotics and other useful medicines more efficiently and continuously than free-floating cells. The gel structures protect the cells, allow them to be reused multiple times, and reduce production costs, making medicine manufacturing faster and cheaper.

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Impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals on environment and their mitigation through microbial bioremediation

Veterinary medicines used in livestock are contaminating our water and soil, creating serious problems like antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Scientists are discovering that natural microorganisms like bacteria and fungi can break down these pharmaceutical pollutants effectively. Advanced technologies combining microbes with electrical systems show promise for cleaning up contaminated wastewater, offering hope for a more sustainable solution to this growing environmental problem.

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The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi

Fungi used in industries to produce antibiotics, enzymes, and other useful products sometimes mysteriously lose their ability to produce these substances effectively. This review explains why this happens through various mechanisms including genetic changes, chemical modifications of genes, and stress responses. The authors provide practical strategies to prevent this loss of productivity, such as careful strain selection, proper storage methods, and tailored bioprocess design to maintain stable production.

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