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Wildlife Dermatophytoses in Central Italy (Umbria and Marche Regions): A Fifteen-Year Investigation (2010–2024)

Summary

Researchers studied fungal skin infections in wild animals across two Italian regions over 15 years, finding that about 11% carried dermatophyte fungi. Grey squirrels were most commonly infected, and some of these fungi can spread to humans through contact. The study highlights how wild animals act as sentinels for emerging diseases and emphasizes the importance of protective equipment when handling wildlife.

Background

Urban expansion increases human-wildlife interactions and creates new ecosystems where dermatophytoses become significant health concerns. Wild animals serve as reservoirs and sentinels for emerging zoonotic pathogens, including dermatophytes that can transmit to humans through direct contact or environmental contamination.

Objective

This investigation aimed to evaluate the presence and identify dermatophyte species in wild animals from central Italy using both passive surveillance through wildlife rescue centers and active control plans. The study sought to characterize isolates molecularly and assess their zoonotic potential.

Results

Dermatophytes were detected in 77 animals (10.94%), with seven species identified: Paraphyton mirabile (5.96%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (2.41%), Microsporum canis (0.71%), and Arthroderma species. Grey squirrels showed highest positivity (9.38%), and one red squirrel exhibited co-infection with T. mentagrophytes and M. canis. Only 5 animals (0.71%) displayed clinical lesions.

Conclusion

This 15-year study demonstrates the sentinel role of wild fauna in infectious disease surveillance under a One Health framework. Detection of pathogenic dermatophytes including T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes genotype III* and M. canis in wildlife indicates zoonotic risk, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and personal protective equipment use by handlers.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Observational Survey,
  • Source: 10.3390/jof11100753; PMID: 41149941
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