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Whole Genome Sequence of the Commercially Relevant Mushroom Strain Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23

Summary

Researchers sequenced the complete genome of a wild button mushroom strain (ARP23) that has been successfully bred with commercial mushrooms to create the ‘Heirloom’ variety. This strain is larger and contains more genes than other known button mushroom strains, making it valuable for breeding disease-resistant varieties. The genome sequence reveals that all button mushroom strains share core genes for breaking down plant material in compost, but have diverse collections of optional genes. This genetic resource provides a foundation for developing mushrooms more resistant to diseases and viruses.

Background

Agaricus bisporus is an extensively cultivated edible mushroom with high global market value. The reliance on a single white commercial strain has led to disease outbreaks from various pathogens. The Agaricus Resource Program was established to collect wild isolates for creating a germplasm repository.

Objective

To sequence and assemble the whole genome of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23, a wild isolate that has been successfully crossed with commercial varieties to produce the commercially productive ‘Heirloom’ hybrid. To characterize its genetic content and comparative genomics relative to other A. bisporus strains.

Results

The ARP23 genome is 33.49 Mb in length with 13,030 putative protein-coding genes, representing the largest A. bisporus strain sequenced to date. High synteny observed with H97 and JB137-S8 strains. Pangenome analysis revealed 7,732 core syntenic orthologous clusters and 8,478 accessory clusters, with 60-70% of genes considered core depending on the isolate.

Conclusion

The ARP23 genome sequence provides a valuable resource for understanding a commercially relevant wild A. bisporus strain. The highly conserved mating loci and lignocellulolytic gene content across strains, combined with diverse pangenome structure, support its use in breeding programs and mycovirus resistance studies.
  • Published in:G3 (Bethesda),
  • Study Type:Genomic Analysis,
  • Source: PMID: 31371382
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