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What are forests for? Social perceptions of the functions of public-managed forests following mega-fire events

Summary

This study examined how people living near Portuguese forests view these natural areas after destructive mega-fires in 2017. Researchers surveyed 1,000 residents and found three different groups based on their views: some saw forests as moderately important, others valued all forest functions highly, and a third group strongly prioritized environmental conservation. Regardless of their views, most people cared most about protecting nature and air quality, while economic uses like timber production were less important to them.

Background

Forests provide essential economic, environmental, and sociocultural functions. However, mega-fire events can significantly impact forest conditions and alter social perceptions of forest values. This study examines how residents near Portuguese public-managed forests perceived these areas following the devastating October 2017 mega-fires.

Objective

To analyze social perceptions regarding the functions and values of the Matas do Litoral, public-managed forests in Portugal severely affected by mega-fires in October 2017. The study identifies different stakeholder groups and their distinct perspectives on forest management and recovery.

Results

Three distinct clusters emerged: ‘The Moderately Interested’ (24%), ‘The Comprehensively Interested’ (35%), and ‘The Environmentally Interested’ (41%). The clusters differed significantly in their perceptions of forest functions, with environmental conservation functions valued highest across all groups, while economic functions were least valued. Sociodemographic characteristics, forest ownership, and familiarity with the forests explained cluster differences.

Conclusion

The mega-fire events significantly shaped social perceptions of forest functions, with stronger emotional responses from those with closer connections to the forests. Knowledge, familiarity, and personal experience are crucial factors influencing how communities perceive and value public forest management. This research highlights the importance of understanding diverse social perspectives in developing sustainable forest management strategies.
  • Published in:Ambio,
  • Study Type:Social Survey Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40459671, DOI: 10.1007/s13280-025-02200-1
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