Water Extract from Spent Mushroom Substrate of Hericium erinaceus Suppresses Bacterial Wilt Disease of Tomato

Summary

This research demonstrates how waste material from mushroom cultivation can be repurposed to protect tomato plants from a devastating bacterial disease. The spent mushroom substrate from Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane mushroom) was found to have multiple beneficial effects including killing harmful bacteria, boosting plant immune responses, and promoting plant growth. This provides an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Impacts on everyday life: • Offers organic farmers a natural option for protecting tomato crops • Helps reduce agricultural waste by recycling mushroom growing materials • Could lead to lower costs for tomato production by reducing crop losses • Provides a safer alternative to chemical pesticides for home gardeners • Demonstrates sustainable solutions for both waste management and crop protection

Background

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum results in severe yield and quality reductions (20-25% yearly) in tomato crops in Korea. While agrochemicals and antibiotics are currently used to control this disease, they are expensive and environmentally harmful. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from edible mushrooms offers potential as an eco-friendly alternative for disease control.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Hericium erinaceus SMS against phytopathogenic bacteria and evaluate its role in improving plant defense and growth. The researchers specifically tested water extracts from SMS of H. erinaceus for their ability to suppress tomato bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum.

Results

H. erinaceus SMS showed strong antibacterial activity against multiple plant pathogenic bacteria. The water extracts induced expression of defense genes β-1,3-glucanase (GluA) and pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a). WESMS suppressed tomato wilt disease by 85% in seedlings and promoted plant growth including height, leaf number, and fresh weight of roots and shoots.

Conclusion

Water extract from spent mushroom substrate of H. erinaceus demonstrates multiple beneficial effects including antibacterial activity, defense gene induction, plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial wilt disease in tomato. This provides an eco-friendly method for disease control while helping address waste disposal in mushroom cultivation.
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