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Valorization of agro-forest wastes (oak acorns, vineyard pruning, and olive pruning) through the cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms

Summary

Researchers tested growing shiitake mushrooms on locally available waste materials like oak acorns, olive pruning, and grape vine pruning instead of the traditionally used oak sawdust. The study found that mushrooms grown on oak acorns or combinations with grape pruning produced similar quantities while having better nutritional content and faster harvest times. This approach helps reduce environmental impact by using agricultural waste and offers sustainable alternatives for mushroom farmers.

Background

Shiitake mushrooms are the second most cultivated mushroom globally, traditionally grown on oak sawdust substrate. The use of oak sawdust poses environmental risks due to tree cutting requirements. This study evaluates alternative lignocellulosic materials from abundant agro-forest wastes in Lebanon as substitutes for standard oak sawdust substrate.

Objective

To evaluate the potential of oak acorns, olive pruning, and vineyard pruning, alone or in various combinations, as alternative substrates for shiitake mushroom cultivation compared to oak sawdust control. The study assessed mycelial development, production yield, physical characteristics, and nutritional composition.

Results

Oak acorns alone or mixed with vineyard pruning achieved comparable or superior total biological yields to oak sawdust (532-556 g/kg vs 597 g/kg) with earlier harvests by 6.7-9.3 days. These substrates increased mushroom protein and fiber content compared to oak sawdust, with highest protein in oak acorns mixed with olive pruning (8.7%). Production remained consistent over two consecutive flushes on oak sawdust, oak acorns, and oak acorns mixed with vineyard pruning.

Conclusion

Oak acorns alone or mixed with vineyard or olive pruning can serve as viable alternatives to oak sawdust substrate for shiitake cultivation. These locally available waste materials provide comparable yields, improved nutritional value, earlier harvests, and sustainable valorization of agro-forest wastes at experimental and potentially industrial scales.
  • Published in:Heliyon,
  • Study Type:Experimental Trial,
  • Source: PMID: 38994102, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32562
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