Tylocinum is no longer monotypic: Tylocinum brevisporum sp. nov. (Boletales, Boletaceae) from northern Thailand

Summary

Scientists have discovered a new species of mushroom in northern Thailand’s tropical forests. This mushroom, named Tylocinum brevisporum, is only the second known species in its genus and the first found outside China. The discovery helps expand our understanding of fungal diversity in Southeast Asian forests. Impacts on everyday life: • Contributes to documenting Earth’s biodiversity, particularly in threatened tropical forests • Helps understand ecological relationships between fungi and forest trees • Advances knowledge of ectomycorrhizal fungi that are essential for forest health • May lead to discovery of new beneficial compounds or properties • Supports conservation efforts by documenting species before habitat loss

Background

Tylocinum Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016 is a Boletaceae genus belonging in subfamily Leccinoideae. It was described in 2016 from China and, prior to this study, it contained only one species, T. griseolum Y.C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2016. During surveys of Boletaceae from Thailand, specimens were collected that could be identified as a new Tylocinum species, different from T. griseolum.

Objective

To describe and characterize a new species of Tylocinum discovered in northern Thailand through morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Results

The new species Tylocinum brevisporum differs from T. griseolum by its brownish-grey color, greyish-orange to brownish-orange color change in the hymenophore when bruised, smaller pores (≤ 0.5 mm), longer tubes (up to 6 mm long), shorter and narrower basidiospores, longer and broader basidia, and longer pleurocystidia relative to cheilocystidia. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported (MLB=93, BPP=1.00) its placement as sister species to T. griseolum within the genus Tylocinum.

Conclusion

Tylocinum brevisporum represents the second known species in the previously monotypic genus Tylocinum and is currently the only species found outside China. The discovery expands our understanding of bolete diversity in Thailand’s tropical dipterocarp forests.
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