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Traditional uses, chemical components and pharmacological activities of the genus Ganoderma P. Karst.: a review

Summary

Ganoderma, a medicinal fungus used in traditional medicine for over 2000 years, contains many beneficial compounds including triterpenes and polysaccharides. Scientific research has confirmed its effectiveness in treating various conditions including cancer, diabetes, infections, and inflammation. The fungus works by boosting the immune system, reducing oxidative stress, and directly inhibiting disease-causing organisms. Modern cultivation methods have made Ganoderma products widely available as supplements and medicines worldwide.

Background

Ganoderma species have been used in traditional medicine for over 2000 years, with historical records dating back to the Shennong’s herbal classic. Natural products from Ganoderma fungi have gained attention for their diverse pharmacological properties and lower toxicity compared to synthetic drugs.

Objective

This review summarizes research progress on natural products isolated from Ganoderma species, their chemical structures, and pharmacological activities. The review compiles traditional uses, chemical components, and biological activities of Ganoderma species documented over the past 35 years.

Results

The review identified over 561 triterpenoids, 231 meroterpenoids, and various other compounds from Ganoderma species. Documented pharmacological activities include anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Specific compounds showed significant IC50 values for HIV-1 protease inhibition and α-glucosidase inhibition.

Conclusion

Triterpenoids and polysaccharides are the main bioactive components of Ganoderma with diverse pharmacological effects. A comprehensive evaluation system for Ganoderma quality is needed that considers multiple bioactive components rather than just triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Future research should explore meroterpenoids and other compounds while maintaining focus on the synergistic effects of multiple components.
  • Published in:RSC Advances,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 35516772, DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07219b
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