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Three-Phase Partitioning for the Extraction and Purification of Polysaccharides from the Immunomodulatory Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus

Summary

This research developed a new, efficient method to extract beneficial compounds from chaga mushroom, a medicinal fungus traditionally used in folk medicine. The extracted compounds showed strong antioxidant properties and ability to stimulate immune system responses. This work is significant for everyday life in several ways: • Provides a more environmentally friendly way to obtain health-promoting compounds from medicinal mushrooms • Could lead to more affordable natural supplements and medicines • Demonstrates the potential health benefits of chaga mushroom extracts • Opens possibilities for developing new natural antioxidant products • Could help make traditional medicine more accessible through improved extraction methods

Background

Inonotus obliquus (chaga) is a medicinal basidiomycetes fungus known for its high nutritional and medicinal values. Traditional extraction methods for its bioactive polysaccharides are complex and require large amounts of solvent, high temperatures, and long treatment times. Three-phase partitioning (TPP) offers a potentially more efficient extraction method but has not been previously applied to medicinal fungi.

Objective

To develop and optimize a TPP process for efficient extraction and separation of polysaccharides from I. obliquus (IOPS), and characterize the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of the extracted polysaccharides.

Results

An optimal TPP protocol was developed using 20.16% ammonium sulfate, 9.8 mL t-butanol, pH 8.0, 30°C for 30 minutes, achieving a 2.2% extraction yield. The purified IOPS was identified as a 40 kDa proteoglycan composed of D-galactose, D-glucose, D-xylose and D-mannose in a 2.0:3.5:1.0:1.5 molar ratio. The extract showed strong antioxidant activity with TEAC values of 251.2 μmol Trolox/g and FRAP values of 1040.5 μmol Fe2+/g. IOPS also demonstrated dose-dependent immunological activity through NO production in macrophages.

Conclusion

The developed TPP method provides an efficient, fast and green technique for extracting bioactive polysaccharides from I. obliquus. The extracted IOPS showed significant antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. This TPP protocol could potentially be applied to extract bioactive polysaccharides from other medicinal mushrooms.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/molecules24030403
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