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Three-phase extraction of polysaccharide from Stropharia rugosoannulata: Process optimization, structural characterization and bioactivities

Summary

Researchers developed an efficient new method called three-phase extraction to isolate beneficial compounds called polysaccharides from wine cap mushrooms (Stropharia rugosoannulata). These polysaccharides showed strong antioxidant properties and boosted immune cell activity in laboratory tests by triggering specific cellular pathways. The findings suggest these mushroom extracts could become useful ingredients in functional foods or medicines to support immune health.

Background

Stropharia rugosoannulata is a mushroom recommended by the FAO for cultivation with multiple beneficial components including polysaccharides. Fungal polysaccharides have demonstrated anti-virus, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Three-phase extraction is a new, efficient, and environmentally sustainable method for extracting active ingredients from various materials.

Objective

To optimize the three-phase extraction process for isolating Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharide (SRP), characterize its structural properties, and evaluate its antioxidant and immunomodulatory bioactivities.

Results

Optimal extraction conditions yielded 6.85% ± 0.13% SRP with molecular weight of 27.52 kDa composed of 8 monosaccharides (glucose 35.79%, galactose 26.80%, glucuronic acid 9.92%, fructose 8.65%, xylose 7.92%, fucose 4.19%, arabinose 3.46%, rhamnose 3.26%). SRP demonstrated good antioxidant capacity and significantly promoted macrophage phagocytosis and migration at 25-200 μg/mL without cytotoxicity. SRP activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and induced autophagy, significantly stimulating TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression.

Conclusion

SRP is a safe antioxidant and immunomodulator with potential for development as a functional food or pharmaceutical ingredient. Three-phase extraction proved to be an efficient and environmentally friendly method for polysaccharide isolation that preserves biological activity better than conventional methods. The immunomodulatory effects are mediated through TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and autophagy induction.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Immunology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 36713438, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994706
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