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The Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill: Review of Literature and Pharmaco-toxicological Problems

Summary

This review examines the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM), which has been traditionally used in Brazil and Japan for various health benefits, particularly for immune system support and cancer treatment. The research shows that ABM contains compounds that can boost immune function and potentially fight cancer cells, though more research is needed to confirm these effects in humans. The mushroom must be used with caution due to potential toxic compounds and contamination risks. Impacts on everyday life: – Provides a natural option for immune system support when properly sourced and prepared – Offers potential complementary therapy for cancer patients, though should only be used under medical supervision – Highlights the importance of quality control in natural supplements – Demonstrates the need for careful evaluation of traditional medicines using modern scientific methods – Emphasizes the balance between potential benefits and risks in natural products

Background

Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM) is a mushroom native to Brazil, known as ‘Cogumelo do Sol’ in Brazil and ‘Himematsutake’ in Japan. It has been widely cultivated in Japan for its medicinal properties and is considered one of the most important edible and culinary-medicinal biotechnological species. The mushroom has traditionally been used to treat various conditions including atherosclerosis, hepatitis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, dermatitis and cancer.

Objective

To review and evaluate the current literature regarding the medicinal properties, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicological concerns of Agaricus blazei Murrill mushroom extracts.

Results

Studies showed that ABM contains bioactive compounds including β-glucans, polysaccharides, and protein complexes with immunomodulatory and potential anticancer properties. In vitro and animal studies demonstrated immunostimulant effects through activation of NK cells, macrophages, and cytokine production. Clinical studies, though limited, suggested potential benefits for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and effects on blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, concerns exist regarding agaritine content and possible hepatotoxicity.

Conclusion

While ABM shows promise for immune system modulation and potential anticancer effects, more rigorous clinical studies are needed to confirm benefits and establish safety. Major concerns include agaritine toxicity and heavy metal contamination. Better characterization of active compounds and their mechanisms of action is required before recommending ABM for prevention and treatment of cancer and immunodepressive disorders.
  • Published in:Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.1093/ecam/nem007
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