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The impact of continuous cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum on soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and fruiting body metabolites

Summary

This study examined how growing Ganoderma lucidum (a medicinal mushroom) on the same land for two consecutive years affects the soil and the mushroom’s beneficial compounds. Researchers found that continuous cultivation depleted soil nutrients and reduced enzyme activity, particularly in the top layer of soil. The mushrooms grown in the first year had more beneficial compounds than those grown in the second year, with differences linked to changes in soil quality and microbial activity.

Background

Continuous cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in the same area has led to slow growth, smaller fruiting bodies, and decreased yields, causing significant economic losses. Soil nutrition is a crucial factor in continuous cropping obstacles, as high nutrient levels may lead to accumulation of antagonistic fungi. The relationships between soil physicochemical factors, enzyme activities, and Ganoderma fruiting body metabolomes remain unclear.

Objective

To explore the impacts of continuous Ganoderma lucidum cultivation on soil physicochemical factors, soil enzyme activity, and the metabolome of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. The study conducted two consecutive years of cultivation on the same plot of land to analyze correlations and provide data support for soil improvement.

Results

Continuous cultivation decreased organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, pH, and polyphenol oxidase in surface soil (0-15 cm), while increasing nitrate nitrogen, EC, and salt content. Metabolomic analysis identified 64 significantly different metabolites, with 39 having higher relative contents in GCK and 25 in GT. GCK demonstrated more complex metabolic pathways compared to GT, with metabolites primarily influenced by soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase.

Conclusion

Continuous cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum significantly impacts soil nutrients and enzyme activity across different soil depths. The fruiting body metabolome is substantially regulated by soil physicochemical factors and enzyme activity, with different regulatory mechanisms at different soil depths. These findings provide important references for optimizing Ganoderma growth conditions and mitigating continuous cropping obstacles.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-024-60750-y; PMID: 38698154
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