The Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Floccularia luteovirens, a Rare Edible Fungus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Provide Insights into the Taxonomy Placement and Fruiting Body Formation

Summary

This research provides the first detailed genetic blueprint of Floccularia luteovirens, a rare and valuable medicinal mushroom found in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The study reveals how this fungus produces beneficial compounds and develops its edible mushroom form, while also clarifying its proper scientific classification. This knowledge could help with future cultivation and medical applications. Impacts on everyday life: • Could lead to successful cultivation methods, making this rare medicinal mushroom more widely available • May enable more efficient production of compounds useful for treating various health conditions • Helps preserve traditional medical knowledge through modern scientific understanding • Could result in new medicines or treatments derived from the mushroom’s compounds • May improve our ability to identify and classify similar beneficial fungi

Background

Floccularia luteovirens is a famous and precious edible mushroom (Huang Mogu) found on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau that has unique flavor and remarkable medical functions. It is traditionally used for treating neurasthenia, dizziness, insomnia, headaches, infantile convulsions and numbness in limbs. The species has significant biological activities against radiation, hypoxia, and cancer, but understanding of its biology is limited due to little available information.

Objective

To analyze and report a reference-grade genome sequence of F. luteovirens, investigate its genome composition, gene functions, taxonomy placement, and identify genes regulating fruiting body formation through transcriptomic analysis.

Results

A 27 Mb genome containing 7068 protein-coding genes was assembled. The genome analysis revealed potential production capacity for terpenoids, polyketides and polysaccharides. 16 putative gene clusters and 145 genes coding for secondary metabolites were identified, including guadinomine and melleolides clusters. Phylogenetic analysis suggested F. luteovirens belongs to genus Floccularia rather than Armillaria. RNA-sequencing identified differentially expressed genes across developmental stages that regulate fruiting body formation.

Conclusion

The comprehensive genome and transcriptome analysis provides valuable insights into this precious macrofungus. The genome information can be used for comparative studies to understand its evolution and growth characteristics, potentially helping develop artificial cultivation strategies. The findings also enable strategic exploitation of pharmacologically active compounds produced by this medicinal fungus.
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