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Talaromyces pinophilus Strain HD25G2 as a Novel Biocontrol Agent of Fusarium culmorum, the Causal Agent of Root and Crown Rot of Soft Wheat

Summary

Researchers discovered that a fungus called Talaromyces pinophilus can fight against Fusarium culmorum, a harmful fungus that damages wheat crops and produces toxic compounds. The beneficial fungus works by producing natural enzymes that break down the walls of harmful fungal cells. Importantly, when applied before the harmful fungus appears, it completely prevents infection and toxin production, offering farmers a natural alternative to chemical pesticides.

Background

Fusarium culmorum causes root and crown rot in soft wheat, resulting in significant crop losses worldwide. The fungus produces mycotoxins including zearalenone (ZEA), posing food safety risks. Chemical fungicides are increasingly scrutinized due to health and environmental concerns, creating demand for biological control alternatives.

Objective

To investigate the biocontrol potential of Talaromyces pinophilus strain HD25G2 against F. culmorum by examining mycelial growth inhibition, mycotoxin production, and the cell wall-degrading enzymes involved in antagonistic activity.

Results

T. pinophilus inhibited F. culmorum mycelial growth by over 55% through culture filtrates and 72-73% in dual cultures. The strain demonstrated high chitinase (1.72 ± 0.02 IU) and protease (0.49 ± 0.01 IU) activities. Early inoculation of T. pinophilus prevented F. culmorum growth and ZEA production entirely, though simultaneous inoculation stimulated ZEA production.

Conclusion

T. pinophilus HD25G2 shows promise as a biocontrol agent against F. culmorum through cell wall-degrading enzyme production. Early application before pathogen establishment prevents both fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Further in vivo studies are needed to optimize application strategies for field and storage conditions.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Experimental Laboratory Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40863540, DOI: 10.3390/jof11080588
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