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Synergistic Effects of Cold Atmospheric Multiple Plasma Jet and Amphotericin B on Leishmania major: An In-Vitro Study

Summary

Researchers tested a new cold plasma technology combined with an existing anti-parasite drug (amphotericin B) against Leishmania parasites that cause skin infections. The cold plasma, which contains reactive chemicals, killed the parasites by triggering their programmed cell death (apoptosis) while causing minimal harm to human immune cells. When combined with the medication, the treatment was even more effective, potentially allowing lower drug doses with fewer side effects.

Background

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions globally with cutaneous leishmaniasis being particularly significant due to its impact on human health and economics. Current conventional therapies are limited by toxicity, high costs, reduced efficacy, and development of drug-resistant strains. Cold atmospheric plasma represents a novel interdisciplinary therapeutic approach combining medical sciences, bioengineering, and plasma physics.

Objective

To assess the in vitro effects of Cold Atmospheric Multiple Plasma Jet (CAMPJ) alone or in combination with amphotericin B on Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CAMPJ as a potential alternative or adjunct therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Results

Optimal conditions were identified as 2 million L. major promastigotes in 500 μL culture at 500 mL/min flow rate, 8.6 kV voltage, 1 cm distance, and 15 minutes exposure. CAMPJ showed limited cytotoxicity to macrophage cells while significantly reducing L. major viability and inducing 85% apoptosis in promastigotes. The CAMPJ-amphotericin B combination achieved 98% apoptosis and was significantly more effective than either treatment alone.

Conclusion

CAMPJ, alone or combined with amphotericin B, effectively induces apoptosis in L. major and significantly reduces parasite viability while maintaining host cell safety. The synergistic effects of combined treatment suggest potential for lower drug doses with reduced toxicity. CAMPJ represents a promising alternative or adjunct therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis warranting further investigation in animal models and clinical settings.
  • Published in:Iran Journal of Parasitology,
  • Study Type:In-Vitro Study,
  • Source: PMID: 41181205, DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v20i3.19622
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