Strain Degeneration in Pleurotus ostreatus: A Genotype Dependent Oxidative Stress Process Which Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cellular Detoxifying and Cell Wall Reshaping Genes

Summary

This research investigated why some mushroom strains lose their desirable traits over time, a process called strain degeneration. The scientists found that this occurs due to oxidative stress that depends on the fungal strain’s genetic makeup. They identified specific genes that are activated when mushroom strains start to degenerate, which could help mushroom growers identify and prevent this problem. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps mushroom farmers better maintain their cultivation strains – Could lead to improved mushroom production and quality – Provides tools to identify strain degeneration before it severely impacts crop yields – May help develop better cultivation practices for commercial mushroom production – Could result in more consistent and reliable mushroom supplies for consumers

Background

Strain degeneration, defined as a decrease or loss in yield of important commercial traits resulting from subsequent culture, is a common issue in fungal cultivation that leads to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. Pleurotus ostreatus is a lignin-producing nematophagous edible mushroom whose mycelia are typically maintained in subsequent culture in solid media and frequently show symptoms of strain degeneration.

Objective

To study strain degeneration in a full-sib monokaryotic progeny of the P. ostreatus strain DkN001 with fast (F) and slow (S) growth rates using different experimental approaches including light microscopy, malondialdehyde levels, whole-genome transcriptome analysis, and chitosan effect on monokaryotic mycelia.

Results

The study found that strain degeneration in P. ostreatus is linked to oxidative stress and is genotype dependent. Stress and detoxifying genes were highly expressed in S monokaryons showing strain degeneration. Chitosan addition revealed constitutive expression of oxidative stress and cellular detoxifying genes in S monokaryon strains, suggesting their adaptation to oxidative stress. The overexpression of cell wall genes Uap1 and Cda1 in S monokaryons indicated cell wall reshaping and activation of High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) and Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathways.

Conclusion

Strain degeneration in P. ostreatus is a complex process linked to oxidative stress that is genotype dependent. The study identified key marker genes for oxidative stress and cellular detoxification that are highly expressed in strains showing degeneration. These findings provide valuable markers for mushroom producers to identify strain degeneration in commercial mushrooms.
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