Stimulatory Effects of Oleic Acid and Fungal Elicitor on Betulinic Acid Production by Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus

Summary

This research explored ways to improve the production of betulinic acid, a valuable medicinal compound, from the chaga mushroom using laboratory cultivation techniques. The findings show that adding certain natural compounds can significantly increase the production of this beneficial substance. This matters for everyday life in several ways: • Could lead to more affordable and accessible cancer-fighting medications • Helps preserve natural mushroom populations by enabling laboratory production • Provides a sustainable way to produce important medical compounds • May reduce the cost of producing anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs • Demonstrates how natural processes can be optimized for human benefit

Background

Inonotus obliquus (chaga mushroom) is a white-rot fungus used traditionally as a medicinal mushroom with no known side effects. It contains betulinic acid (BA), which has various bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, and antineoplastic properties. Due to slow growth and rarity in nature, developing efficient cultivation methods for BA production is important.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of oleic acid and fungal elicitor (made from Aspergillus niger) on betulinic acid biosynthesis in submerged cultivation of Inonotus obliquus, and investigate the underlying mechanisms of BA production enhancement.

Results

The addition of 1.0 g/L oleic acid led to a 2-fold increase in betulinic acid content compared to controls. Fungal elicitor at 45 mg/L increased mycelia growth by 146.0% and enhanced intracellular betulinic acid accumulation by 429.5%. Both oleic acid and fungal elicitor upregulated expression of key genes involved in BA biosynthesis, particularly HMG-CoA reductase and squalene synthase. The combination of oleic acid and fungal elicitor showed the most significant effects on BA production.

Conclusion

Oleic acid and fungal elicitor were found to be effective stimulators for enhancing betulinic acid production in submerged cultivation of I. obliquus. The stimulatory effects appear to work through upregulation of key biosynthetic genes. The combination of both stimulators provided the best results for improving BA yields.
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