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Serendipita indica Enhances Drought Tolerance in Phoebe sheareri Seedlings by Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency, Stimulating the Antioxidant Defense System, and Modulating Hormone Synthesis

Summary

Scientists discovered that inoculating seedlings of Phoebe sheareri, a valuable Chinese tree species, with a special fungus called Serendipita indica significantly improves their ability to survive drought. The fungus colonizes plant roots and enhances photosynthesis, boosts the plant’s natural antioxidant defenses, and regulates growth hormones. This research suggests a practical and biological approach to improve seedling survival in nurseries and reforestation efforts, particularly in regions affected by drought and climate change.

Background

Drought is a major abiotic stressor affecting plant growth and forest ecosystems globally. Phoebe sheareri, a precious endemic Chinese tree species, has shallow root systems and high transpiration rates making seedlings highly susceptible to drought stress. Serendipita indica, a root endophytic fungus, has been shown to enhance stress resistance in various plants, but research on its symbiotic interactions with woody plants remains limited.

Objective

This study investigated the effects of S. indica inoculation on Phoebe sheareri seedling growth under varying drought conditions and explored the physiological mechanisms underlying improved drought resistance. The research aimed to confirm functional symbiosis formation and assess its effects on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, and phytohormone homeostasis.

Results

S. indica achieved a colonization rate of 72.5% in P. sheareri roots. Inoculation significantly increased plant biomass, root parameters, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency under both optimal and drought conditions. S. indica reduced drought-induced oxidative damage by decreasing REC, MDA, H2O2, and O2− levels while enhancing SOD, POD, and CAT activities. Inoculation also increased root ABA, GA, IAA, and CTK hormone content, with IAA and CTK increases being particularly pronounced under severe drought.

Conclusion

Symbiosis with S. indica improved drought tolerance in P. sheareri seedlings through enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, stimulated antioxidant defense systems, and modulated hormone synthesis. These findings support the application of S. indica inoculation in nursery production and afforestation programs to improve seedling survival rates in drought-prone regions.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.3390/jof11100717, PMC12565413, 41149907
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