Screening of Fungi for Antimycobacterial Activity Using a Medium-Throughput Bioluminescence-Based Assay

Summary

This research explored using fungi to find new antibiotics that could treat dangerous bacterial infections like tuberculosis. The scientists developed a new method to test fungi for their ability to kill harmful bacteria by using bacteria that glow in the dark – when the fungi kill the bacteria, the glow dims or disappears. This helps quickly identify which fungi might produce useful new medicines. Impacts on everyday life: – Could lead to new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant infections – Demonstrates the importance of preserving fungal biodiversity as a source of new medicines – Provides a faster way to screen natural compounds for antibiotic properties – Shows the value of indigenous ecosystems like those in New Zealand for drug discovery – Highlights how basic science tools like bioluminescence can accelerate medical research

Background

There is an urgent need for new antibiotics to kill Mycobacteria, which are acid-fast bacilli capable of causing multiple deadly diseases including tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) infections. Treatment of mycobacterial infections can take months to years and require multiple antibiotics due to their slow growth and hydrophobic, lipid-rich outer membrane.

Objective

To develop and implement a medium-throughput bioluminescence-based pipeline to screen fungi for activity against Mycobacteria using the NTM species Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium marinum as test organisms.

Results

Almost all tested fungal isolates produced considerable anti-mycobacterial activity. More isolates (94%) were active against M. marinum compared to M. abscessus (77%). Growth media significantly impacted antibacterial activity. Chemical analysis revealed much activity was due to linoleic acid production, but several isolates retained activity in non-linoleic acid containing fractions, including species of Lophodermium culmigenum, Pseudaegerita viridis, Trametes coccinea, and unknown species of Boeremia and Phanerochaetaceae.

Conclusion

The study successfully developed a screening pipeline and identified multiple fungal isolates with anti-mycobacterial activity. While some activity was attributed to known compound linoleic acid, several promising isolates showed activity through other mechanisms warranting further investigation for novel bioactive compounds.
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