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Sclerotinia rot of Zephyranthes candida caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor

Summary

Researchers discovered that Zephyranthes candida, a popular ornamental plant, can be infected by two types of fungi: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor, causing a serious white mold disease. The study identified these pathogens and determined that they grow best in cool, acidic conditions with specific nutrients. This information will help gardeners and farmers develop better strategies to prevent and manage this disease on their plants.

Background

Sclerotinia rot is a serious disease affecting Zephyranthes candida, an ornamental plant native to South America and widely cultivated in southwestern China. A disease outbreak was detected in Wanzhou, Chongqing in 2022, characterized by white mycelia and black sclerotia on infected plants, representing a significant threat to plant health and ornamental value.

Objective

To identify and characterize the causal agents of sclerotinia rot on Zephyranthes candida through morphological analysis, molecular identification using multigene phylogenetics, and pathogenicity testing. To determine the biological characteristics of the pathogens under various environmental conditions.

Results

Four pathogenic strains were identified: D7 and D13 as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (99% homology) and X4 and X15 as Sclerotinia minor (99% homology). S. sclerotiorum showed optimal growth at 15°C-25°C, pH 5.0, with maltose and yeast powder as preferred carbon and nitrogen sources. S. minor preferred 15°C, pH 5.0, with glucose and yeast powder as optimal nutrient sources.

Conclusion

This is the first documented report of S. sclerotiorum and S. minor causing sclerotinia rot on Z. candida in China. Understanding the pathogenic characteristics and optimal growth conditions of these pathogens provides important information for developing disease management strategies and preventing further outbreaks in Z. candida cultivation.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Pathological identification and characterization study,
  • Source: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1414141, PMID: 39044947
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