Reclassification of Parapterulicium Corner (Pterulaceae, Agaricales), contributions to Lachnocladiaceae and Peniophoraceae (Russulales) and introduction of Baltazaria gen. nov.

Summary

This research reclassified some unusual coral-like fungi from Brazil into a different group than previously thought based on DNA analysis. The findings help clarify the evolutionary relationships between different groups of fungi and improve our understanding of fungal diversity and classification. Impacts on everyday life: – Contributes to better understanding of fungal biodiversity in tropical regions – Improves scientific classification systems used to organize and study fungi – Helps identify previously unknown relationships between different fungal groups – Provides foundation for future research on these fungi’s ecological roles – May lead to discovery of new fungal species or compounds of interest

Background

The genus Parapterulicium was first introduced to accommodate two Brazilian species of coralloid fungi with affinities to Pterulaceae (Agaricales). Despite the coralloid habit and presence of skeletal hyphae, other features like gloeocystidia, dichophyses and papillate hyphal ends differentiate it from Pterulaceae sensu stricto.

Objective

To determine the phylogenetic placement of Parapterulicium based on newly collected specimens and molecular analysis.

Results

Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that Parapterulicium belongs in the Russulales rather than Pterulaceae, specifically within the /peniophorales clade. The genus was found to be polyphyletic, necessitating the description of a new genus Baltazaria to accommodate P. octopodites and related species. Distinctive hyphal elements homologous to features of /peniophorales were identified, supporting the molecular placement.

Conclusion

Parapterulicium and its type species P. subarbusculum were reclassified from Pterulaceae to /peniophorales within Russulales based on both molecular and morphological evidence. A new genus Baltazaria was proposed to accommodate P. octopodites and related species.
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