Profiling and Quantifying Differential Gene Transcription Provide Insights into Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum in Response to Methyl Jasmonate

Summary

This research examined how a plant hormone called methyl jasmonate affects the production of beneficial compounds called ganoderic acids in the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. The study identified genes that are activated or suppressed when the mushroom is treated with this hormone, helping to understand how the mushroom produces these therapeutic compounds. Impacts on everyday life: • Provides insights that could lead to improved production of natural medicines from mushrooms • Advances understanding of how medicinal mushrooms make beneficial compounds • Could help make therapeutic mushroom extracts more affordable and accessible • Demonstrates new ways to enhance production of natural pharmaceutical compounds • Contributes to development of more effective mushroom-based supplements

Background

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in Eastern Asia. It produces pharmacologically active ganoderic acids (GA), but low GA yield limits widespread use. Previous studies showed methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induces GA biosynthesis and expression of related genes, but the regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Objective

To explore the mechanism of GA biosynthesis by identifying genes differentially expressed in response to MeJA treatment using cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis.

Results

3,910 transcript-derived fragments were obtained, with 919 showing altered expression after MeJA treatment (703 up-regulated, 216 down-regulated). Of 390 successfully sequenced fragments, 90 had known functions including metabolism/energy (40%), protein synthesis (17%), and transcription (16%). Several genes involved in GA biosynthesis were up-regulated, including acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytochrome P450s, and 3-keto sterol reductase. qRT-PCR confirmed the expression patterns. Most genes showed highest expression during the primordium stage.

Conclusion

The study identified new candidate genes involved in GA biosynthesis regulation and provided insights into MeJA-induced gene expression and secondary metabolic responses in G. lucidum. The findings suggest a complex regulatory network involving primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, and various signaling pathways in response to MeJA treatment.
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