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Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus

Summary

This research explores using beneficial fungi (Trichoderma species) to control harmful toxin-producing molds that contaminate food crops. The study found that certain Trichoderma strains can effectively reduce both the growth of toxic molds and their ability to produce dangerous aflatoxins. This has important implications for everyday life: • Safer food supply through natural control of toxic molds • Reduced food waste from mold contamination • Lower exposure to cancer-causing toxins in food • More sustainable farming practices using biological rather than chemical controls • Potential cost savings for farmers and consumers through better crop protection

Background

Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus during spoilage of agricultural products, stored commodities, feeds and foods. These toxins exhibit carcinogenic, mutagenic and hepatotoxic effects, with aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) being the most potent form. Current biocontrol methods using non-toxigenic A. flavus strains have limitations, prompting the search for alternative control methods.

Objective

To investigate the potential of 20 Trichoderma isolates for biological control of A. flavus and aflatoxins, focusing on the effect of metabolites on A. flavus growth, AfB1 production, and expression of genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

Results

Eight out of 20 Trichoderma isolates significantly inhibited A. flavus growth by 13-65%. Fourteen isolates reduced aflatoxin B1 content significantly, with reductions up to 84.9% and 71.1% in 7- and 15-day-old cultures respectively. The reduction in aflatoxin production was not due to downregulation of biosynthesis genes but rather through other mechanisms such as enzyme degradation or complexation.

Conclusion

Trichoderma species show promising potential as biocontrol agents against A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination. The study revealed multiple mechanisms of action, including growth inhibition and aflatoxin reduction through metabolite production. These findings suggest Trichoderma could serve as an alternative to current biocontrol methods using non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains.
  • Published in:Toxins,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/toxins14020086
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