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Potential environmental impact of mycelium composites on African communities

Summary

Scientists studied how mushroom-based building blocks made from agricultural waste affect the environment in Africa. They found these eco-friendly materials can be better for the planet than concrete if produced with renewable energy like solar power or firewood. The biggest environmental cost comes from the energy used in growing and drying the mushroom composites, so using cleaner energy sources could make them much more sustainable.

Background

Mycelium composites are bio-based materials made from fungal networks binding agricultural waste, offering potential ecological and economic benefits for African sustainable development. These materials are biodegradable, compostable, and utilize agricultural residues that would otherwise contribute to environmental degradation through landfilling or incineration.

Objective

To assess the environmental impact of mycelium composites for building and construction (MCBs) in Africa using life cycle assessment methodology, identifying environmental hotspots in production and comparing their lifecycle impact to conventional concrete bricks.

Results

Culturing and post-processing phases emerged as major environmental hotspots, primarily driven by electricity consumption. Environmental impact varies by country energy mix, with higher impacts in fossil fuel-dependent nations like South Africa and lower impacts in renewable-energy-rich countries like DRC. MCBs fueled by firewood showed 70-80% lower environmental footprint compared to electricity-powered production.

Conclusion

MCBs can be more ecologically sustainable than concrete bricks over their lifecycle, particularly when using renewable energy or traditional fuels like firewood. Key recommendations include transitioning to renewable energy sources, optimizing local biomass sourcing and distribution, selecting appropriate biomass compositions, and implementing water capture and treatment systems.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Life Cycle Assessment Study,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-024-62561-7, PMID: 38789584
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