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Physiological Insights into Enhanced Epsilon-Poly-l-Lysine Production Induced by Extract Supplement from Heterogeneous Streptomyces Strain

Summary

Researchers discovered that exposing bacteria that produce epsilon-poly-l-lysine (a natural antimicrobial compound) to extracts from another closely related bacterium dramatically increases production by 2.6-fold. Using advanced analysis techniques, they found that this boost occurs because the extract triggers the bacteria to activate defense mechanisms, rerouting its metabolism to produce more of this antimicrobial compound. This finding could significantly reduce the cost of producing this useful natural preservative for foods and medicines, making it more commercially viable.

Background

Epsilon-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is a potent antimicrobial agent with applications in food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries, but high production costs limit its commercial use. Current ε-PL enhancement strategies focus on substrate requirements and fermentation optimization, overlooking the physiological significance of ε-PL synthesis for producing strains. This study investigates whether heterogeneous microbial extracts, particularly from actinomycetes, can enhance ε-PL biosynthesis through intrinsic stress resistance mechanisms.

Objective

To systematically evaluate the interaction between Streptomyces albulus and heterogeneous microbial extracts, identify the most effective inducing organisms, and elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced ε-PL production through multi-omics analyses.

Results

S. gilvosporeus extract induced 3.4 g/L ε-PL production, exceeding control by 2.6-fold. Multi-omics analyses revealed intensified central carbon flux, enhanced lipid turnover, elevated respiratory activity, and cofactor regeneration with suppression of competing secondary pathways. Morphological alterations included denser mycelial aggregation and elevated intracellular H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ levels, indicating stress adaptation.

Conclusion

Interspecies interactions activate intrinsic aggression resistance mechanisms in S. albulus, driving ε-PL biosynthesis through precise metabolic reprogramming. The S. gilvosporeus extract demonstrates superior inducing effects compared to fungal extracts, operating through small-molecule signaling that triggers coordinated metabolic reorganization toward ε-PL synthesis.
  • Published in:Microorganisms,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 40871372
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