Physiological Changes and Gene Responses During Ganoderma lucidum Growth with Selenium Supplementation

Summary

This research investigated how adding selenium to the growing medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) affects its growth and genetic activity. The study found that selenium enrichment can improve the mushroom’s growth and increase its beneficial compounds. The findings have important implications for developing more nutritious mushroom products. Impacts on everyday life: • Provides a way to produce selenium-enriched mushrooms that could help address selenium deficiency in diets • Demonstrates how to optimize mushroom cultivation for better yields and nutrition • Opens possibilities for developing enhanced functional foods and supplements • Shows potential for creating more nutritious and medicinally valuable mushroom products • Helps understand how to safely enrich foods with beneficial minerals

Background

Ganoderma lucidum is an edible fungal species valued for its health and nutritional properties, containing bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, triterpenoids and nucleosides. Selenium is an essential trace element with anti-oxidation and anti-tumor properties. G. lucidum has shown capability for selenium accumulation and transformation, making it a potential carrier for selenium-enriched foodstuffs.

Objective

To investigate the physiological changes and gene responses of Ganoderma lucidum during growth with selenium supplementation, including effects on mycelial growth rate, morphological characteristics, yield, and active compound content. Additionally, to reveal the molecular mechanisms through high-throughput RNA-Seq technology.

Results

Selenium supplementation increased stipe length and cap size but decreased cap thickness. The 200 μg/g selenium treatment produced the highest yield (149.50 g/bag). Triterpenoid acids increased with selenium supplementation. Total selenium content in fruit bodies peaked at 11.79 μg/g with 250 μg/g selenium treatment. Transcriptome analysis identified 16,113 expressed genes, with GO-annotated genes mainly involved in molecular functions and KEGG-annotated genes highly expressed in ribosomal pathways.

Conclusion

Selenium supplementation significantly affected G. lucidum growth, morphology, yield and active compound content. The optimal selenium concentration was determined to be 200 μg/g. Gene expression analysis revealed stage-specific responses to selenium, with ribosome-related genes most active during primordium formation and amino acid biosynthesis genes upregulated during fruit body maturation. Several selenium-dependent genes were identified that regulate oxidoreductase, antioxidant activity and tryptophan synthesis.
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