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One-Health Approach to Managing Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus Using Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus spp

Summary

This study shows that leftover substrate from growing oyster and red mushrooms can work together with a common antifungal fungicide to better prevent harmful Aspergillus fungi from contaminating corn. The combination of mushroom waste and fungicide was more effective than using either alone, and could potentially reduce the amount of chemicals needed in agriculture while protecting the environment and preventing drug resistance.

Background

Aspergillus flavus contaminates maize crops with aflatoxins, presenting a critical global food safety concern. Fungicide carboxin (CBX) faces challenges from emerging resistant fungal strains. This study explores alternative antifungal approaches using spent mushroom substrates from Pleurotus species combined with conventional fungicides.

Objective

To investigate the antifungal efficacy of spent mushroom substrates from Pleurotus ostreatus and P. djamor combined with carboxin against A. flavus strains isolated from maize. The study evaluated individual and combined effects on fungal growth and assessed cytotoxicity profiles.

Results

Both spent substrate extracts exhibited fungicidal activity with MIC values ranging from 1024-2048 mg/L. Combined treatment with carboxin showed synergism in 33.3% of strains and additivity in 66.7%. Combined treatments were significantly more potent than individual agents, reducing conidial germination and mycelial growth by more than 70% and 85% respectively.

Conclusion

Spent mushroom substrates from Pleurotus species can enhance carboxin activity against A. flavus, potentially reducing required fungicide dosages and frequency of application. This supports a one-health approach by minimizing environmental impacts and resistance risks while maintaining sustainable food protection practices.
  • Published in:ACS Omega,
  • Study Type:In vitro Experimental Study,
  • Source: DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.5c00858, PMID: 40584380
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