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Nutritional Value and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Wild Macrofungi

Summary

This research examined nine wild mushroom species from Colombia to understand their nutritional value and potential health benefits. The study found these mushrooms to be excellent sources of protein and fiber while being low in fat, making them potentially valuable food sources. The mushrooms also showed promising abilities to fight harmful bacteria and fungi, while acting as antioxidants. Impact on everyday life: • Could provide new natural food sources high in protein and fiber • May lead to new natural antimicrobial treatments for infections • Could be developed into natural food preservatives • Offers potential new ingredients for health supplements and functional foods • Provides scientific support for traditional mushroom-based medicines

Background

Edible and indigenous mushrooms have been used by humans both as food and for medicinal purposes due to their valuable nutrient content and bioactive compounds. They contain high proportions of carbohydrates (especially fiber) and protein, low levels of lipids, and are good sources of minerals and vitamins. Macrofungi are recognized for their significant roles in human health, including reducing inflammation, improving gut microbiota, and positively impacting the immune system.

Objective

To determine the nutritional value and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of nine wild macrofungi species from the Tolima region of Colombia.

Results

The genera Pleurotus and Lentinus showed the best protein percentages at 18.4% and 18.5%. Fat content was between 7-8% for most species. Fiber content ranged from 28-53% in some species. The extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity, particularly T. coccinea, G. australe and P. floridanus against tested bacteria. All extracts showed antifungal activity with 85-94% inhibition. P. gilvus was most effective at stabilizing ABTS radicals while I. rosettiformis was best for DPPH. Seven of nine extracts showed cell viability above 50%.

Conclusion

The studied wild macrofungi demonstrated valuable nutritional potential, particularly P. floridanus and Lentinus spp. for their protein content, and G. australe for its high fiber content. The extracts showed promising antimicrobial, antioxidant and selective cytotoxic properties, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. Further research on domestication and controlled cultivation is needed to fully utilize these species.
  • Published in:Microorganisms,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/microorganisms11051158
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