Nutritional Characterization and Untargeted Metabolomics of Oyster Mushroom Produced Using Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus Stems and Leaves as Substrates

Summary

This research explored an innovative way to use discarded plant materials from medicinal Astragalus to grow nutritionally enhanced oyster mushrooms. The study found that mushrooms grown using these waste materials not only had improved nutritional content but also contained beneficial compounds typically found in the medicinal plant itself. This has important implications for both sustainable agriculture and human health. Impacts on everyday life: • Provides a way to reduce agricultural waste by converting discarded plant materials into nutritious food • Offers consumers access to mushrooms with enhanced nutritional and potential health benefits • Demonstrates sustainable farming practices that maximize resource utilization • Creates potential new value-added products for farmers and food producers • Contributes to more environmentally friendly food production methods

Background

Astragalus membranaceus var. mongolicus (AMM) is an edible and medicinal plant commonly used in East Asia. While the dried root is used medicinally, the aerial parts (stems and leaves) are typically discarded after harvest despite containing active compounds like saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides. Finding ways to utilize these waste products efficiently is important for resource management.

Objective

To evaluate the potential of using discarded AMM stems and leaves as substrate for cultivating oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida) and analyze the nutritional and chemical composition of the resulting fruiting bodies using metabolomics and chemometrics approaches.

Results

AMM substrate supplementation affected multiple characteristics of the mushrooms including fresh weight, moisture content, fat, protein, element concentrations and amino acid composition. Metabolomic analysis detected 2,156 metabolites, with 680 showing differential expression between groups. Many active compounds previously found in AMM herbs were detected in the AMM-supplemented mushrooms, including 46 terpenoids, 21 flavonoids, 17 alkaloids, 14 phenylpropanoids, and 3 fatty acids.

Conclusion

Oyster mushrooms cultivated using AMM stems and leaves as substrate showed enhanced nutritional profiles and accumulated many bioactive compounds typically found in AMM herbs. This suggests that using AMM waste products as mushroom substrate could produce mushrooms with high nutritional and therapeutic value while making efficient use of discarded plant materials.
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