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Novel method for rapid monitoring of OPFRs by LLE and GC–MS as a tool for assessing biodegradation: validation and applicability

Summary

This study developed a new analytical method to detect and measure organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in water samples. Researchers tested whether certain fungi, particularly white-rot fungi like Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor, could break down these toxic chemicals that are difficult to remove by conventional water treatment. The results show these fungi can effectively degrade some OPFRs, offering a promising biological treatment option for contaminated wastewater.

Background

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are high-production volume chemicals widely present in environmental compartments, particularly in water systems. Conventional wastewater treatment plants struggle to effectively eliminate water-soluble OPFRs such as TnBP, TBEP, TCEP, TCPP, and TEP, which are toxic and persistent compounds.

Objective

To develop a simple and cost-efficient quantification method for rapid monitoring of OPFR concentrations using GC-MS while accounting for matrix effects, and to evaluate white-rot fungi as a promising alternative for OPFR removal from water.

Results

The analytical method proved valid and reliable across all tested parameters with linearity in the range of 1.25-12.5 mg/L. G. lucidum completely removed TBP and TBEP within 4 days and partially degraded TCEP (35% removal), while T. versicolor achieved 70% removal of TCPP. Chlorinated compounds showed glucose-dependent degradation, and TEP showed minimal to no degradation.

Conclusion

The developed LLE-GC-MS method is valid and cost-effective for monitoring OPFRs during biodegradation studies. White-rot fungi, particularly G. lucidum and T. versicolor, show promise for removing certain OPFRs, with degradation efficiency dependent on compound polarity and carbon source availability. These findings support further research into fungal-based treatment for real wastewater applications.
  • Published in:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05154-7, PMID: 38280016
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