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Novel Approaches in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorder Therapy: Targeting the Gut Microbiota–Bile Acid Axis

Summary

Your gut bacteria play a key role in how your body manages blood sugar and fats, working through molecules called bile acids. Researchers have discovered that certain foods, supplements, and herbs can improve this gut bacteria-bile acid interaction to help prevent or treat diabetes and obesity. This review explains how these natural interventions work and suggests promising new ways to treat metabolic diseases by harnessing your gut health.

Background

Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, are major global health concerns. Recent research has revealed that gut microbiota interact with bile acids to form a key regulatory axis controlling metabolic health. This interaction influences metabolism through signaling pathways like the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled membrane receptor (TGR5).

Objective

This comprehensive review examines the bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, including microbial transformation of bile acids and host-microbial co-regulatory pathways. The review synthesizes therapeutic implications of modulating the gut microbiota-bile acid axis for addressing glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and explores novel intervention strategies.

Results

The review identifies multiple therapeutic approaches including probiotics, plant-derived polysaccharides, traditional Chinese medicine, dietary interventions (ketogenic diet, whole grains, buckwheat), and bile acid derivatives that modulate the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. These interventions improve glucose and lipid metabolism through FXR and TGR5 signaling pathways by altering microbial composition and bile acid profiles.

Conclusion

The gut microbiota-bile acid axis represents a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of bile acid metabolism by gut microbiota and their signaling through FXR and TGR5 provides novel perspectives for developing next-generation metabolic therapies targeting glucose and lipid dysregulation.
  • Published in:Biology (Basel),
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.3390/biology14070802; PMID: 40723361
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