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New insights into the stress response mechanisms of stress-resistant Listeria monocytogenes via multi-omics and cell morphological changes

Summary

Researchers studied how a dangerous food-poisoning bacterium called Listeria monocytogenes survives in harsh conditions like cold temperatures, acidic environments, and salty food products. Using advanced molecular analysis techniques, they identified specific genes and proteins that help the bacteria survive these stressful conditions. They also observed that the bacteria changed shape when exposed to stress, becoming elongated and bumpy. This research helps food safety experts better understand and combat this persistent food contaminant.

Background

Listeria monocytogenes can persist in stressful food processing conditions including low pH, low temperature, and high salt concentrations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress-resistant strains is important for food safety. Previous studies have examined individual stress responses, but comprehensive multi-omics analysis of combined stresses remains limited.

Objective

This study aimed to understand stress response mechanisms of stress-resistant L. monocytogenes by analyzing transcript and protein expression levels under multiple stress conditions. The researchers sought to identify stress-related genes, biomarkers, and cellular adaptations including morphological changes.

Results

Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of yebS, tsx, secA, gap, gtfA and stress-related genes (cspB, cspD, spxA, cysK) at 48 hours. Protein analysis identified Gap, Eno, Citz, and PurM as potential stress biomarkers. KEGG pathway analysis predicted stress responses including chaperone activation, glycolysis, and glutamate decarboxylase system. Cells exhibited elongated, thin, and bumpy morphologies under acid and multiple stress conditions.

Conclusion

This multi-omics study provides comprehensive insights into stress response mechanisms of stress-resistant L. monocytogenes, including energy production, protein folding, and cell wall remodeling. The identified stress-related biomarkers and cellular adaptations enhance understanding of how L. monocytogenes survives adverse food processing and storage environments.
  • Published in:Emerging Microbes & Infections,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40970307, DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2564319
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