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Neuroprotective Effect of Mixed Mushroom Mycelia Extract on Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammation via Regulation of ROS-Induced Oxidative Stress in PC12 and BV2 Cells

Summary

A mixture of three medicinal mushrooms (Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Inonotus obliquus) was tested for its ability to protect nerve cells from damage. The extract successfully reduced cell death in laboratory models of neurodegeneration by reducing harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species and reducing inflammation. These results suggest the mushroom extract could potentially help prevent or slow neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s.

Background

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. This study investigates a three-mushroom complex extract (GMK) for neuroprotective effects.

Objective

To evaluate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of a mixed mushroom mycelial extract (GMK) composed of Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Inonotus obliquus in glutamate-stimulated PC12 neuronal cells and LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

Results

GMK significantly inhibited glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis by upregulating BCL2 and downregulating BAX. The extract reduced ROS production through NOX downregulation and NRF2/HO-1 pathway upregulation. GMK enhanced acetylcholine and GABA levels while suppressing microglial inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, NO) through MAPK/IκB pathway inhibition.

Conclusion

GMK demonstrates neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects through redox regulation, showing potential as a natural pharmaceutical agent for neurodegenerative disease prevention. The synergistic effects of the three-mushroom blend suggest its value for functional health foods and therapeutic applications.
  • Published in:Cells,
  • Study Type:In Vitro Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40643498, DOI: 10.3390/cells14130977
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