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Negative Effects of Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed and Biological Methods of Their Detoxification: A Review

Summary

Molds that grow on grains and feed produce toxic substances called mycotoxins that can seriously harm farm animals, causing liver and kidney damage, reproductive problems, and reduced productivity. While proper storage and farming practices help prevent contamination, some mycotoxins still get through. Recent research shows that beneficial bacteria like those in yogurt and certain yeasts can effectively remove these toxins from animal feed, making it safer for livestock while protecting the environment from harmful chemicals.

Background

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds that negatively affect animal health and production. They are widely present in agricultural products and animal feed worldwide, with approximately 25% of global crops contaminated. Traditional physical and chemical detoxification methods have limited effectiveness and often reduce the quality of animal feed.

Objective

This review examines the health risks posed by mycotoxins in animal feed and evaluates biological detoxification methods using microorganisms and enzymes. The study aims to present promising alternatives to conventional detoxification approaches that are more effective and safer for animals and the environment.

Results

Multiple microorganisms demonstrated significant efficacy in mycotoxin elimination: Lactobacillus strains achieved 95-97% ochratoxin A binding, Bacillus subtilis reduced zearalenone by 88.65%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae removed 50-90% of various mycotoxins, and Aspergillus niger degraded aflatoxin B1 by 58.2-91.5%. Enzymes such as manganese peroxidase and carboxylesterases showed high degradation rates for multiple mycotoxin types.

Conclusion

Biological detoxification methods using microorganisms and enzymes represent promising alternatives to conventional physical and chemical approaches for eliminating mycotoxins from animal feed. These methods are effective, safe for animals and the environment, and can be implemented as feed additives to significantly reduce the harmful effects of mycotoxin contamination on livestock health and productivity.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 39407492, DOI: 10.3390/molecules29194563
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