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Mushroom stem-based diets elicit region-specific shifts in rainbow trout gut microbiota

Summary

Researchers fed rainbow trout different diets made partly from mushroom stem waste and found that these ingredients beneficially changed the bacteria living in the fish’s gut. Different parts of the fish’s digestive system showed different changes in bacterial communities, suggesting these mushroom ingredients work in region-specific ways. The mushroom-based diets reduced harmful bacteria and increased beneficial ones, potentially improving fish health. This research shows how mushroom waste can be recycled into nutritious feed for farmed fish while promoting their health.

Background

The intestinal microbiota of fish plays a crucial role in host health and exhibits region-specific functions influenced by dietary components. Mushroom-derived meals have emerged as sustainable, circular ingredients with prebiotic potential in aquaculture. This study evaluated whether mushroom stem meals could modulate the intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of mushroom stem meals from Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus on intestinal microbiota composition and histomorphology across different gut regions of juvenile rainbow trout.

Results

Mushroom stem-based diets induced region-specific shifts in microbial diversity and composition without affecting intestinal mucosa integrity. The Agaricus bisporus diet promoted beneficial bacteria including Mycoplasma and Legionella, while Pleurotus ostreatus increased Paenibacillus abundance. All mushroom diets reduced Desulfobacterota abundance compared to the control diet.

Conclusion

Mushroom stem meals beneficially modulate intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout with region-specific effects, supporting their use as functional, prebiotic ingredients in aquaculture. The results highlight the importance of analyzing multiple intestinal regions to understand diet-microbiota interactions.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Experimental Trial,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-025-27707-1
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