Molecular Identification of Some Wild Nigerian Mushrooms Using Internal Transcribed Spacer: Polymerase Chain Reaction

Summary

This research used DNA analysis to identify wild mushroom species found in Nigeria. Instead of relying only on physical characteristics to identify mushrooms, which can be inaccurate, the scientists used genetic testing to precisely determine different species. They discovered that many of the mushrooms they studied were potentially new species that had never been documented before. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps ensure accurate identification of edible vs. poisonous mushrooms for food safety – Aids in discovering new mushroom species that could have medical or nutritional benefits – Supports conservation efforts by documenting local biodiversity – Could lead to commercial cultivation of native mushroom species – Provides foundation for future research into useful compounds from these mushrooms

Background

Identification of fungal species based on morphological characteristics alone is tedious, complex, and prone to errors. Modern molecular techniques like internal transcribed spacer (ITS) PCR provide more accurate taxonomy that is essential for exploiting mushrooms’ numerous benefits. While molecular identification of mushrooms has been conducted in other regions, studies in African countries, particularly Nigeria, have been limited.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability of wild mushrooms collected at the ENPOST farm in Ilesa, Southwest Nigeria using ITS regions. The research sought to provide accurate molecular identification of indigenous mushroom species through DNA analysis and phylogenetic characterization.

Results

PCR amplification yielded approximately 850 bp fragments. BLASTn analysis identified the samples as Termitomyces aurantiacus (3), Tricholoma matsutake (8), Tricholoma robustum (2), Pleurotus ostreatus (4), Schizophyllum commune (1) and Pleurotus pulmonarius (1). Only three isolates showed 100% similarity with reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed low genetic relatedness with reference strains, suggesting these may be novel mushroom species.

Conclusion

The study revealed that most indigenous Nigerian mushroom gene sequences showed less than 100% homology with existing sequences in NCBI GenBank, indicating they may be novel species. This suggests the need for strict conservation measures and further investigation of their potential benefits. The research demonstrates the value of molecular identification techniques for accurate mushroom taxonomy.
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