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Molecular evidence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in arid urban landscapes of shiraz cockroaches (Blattodea), Southwest Iran: Implications for urban public health surveillance

Summary

Researchers in Shiraz, Iran found that cockroaches can carry Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a dangerous fungal parasite that causes severe diarrhea in people with weak immune systems. The study collected and tested 378 cockroaches from hospitals and public areas, discovering three positive cases. While the arid climate of Shiraz appears to limit how well these pathogens survive compared to tropical regions, the presence of parasites in hospital cockroaches poses real health risks, especially for vulnerable patients. Better pest control and sanitation in hospitals are essential to prevent spread.

Background

Microsporidia, particularly Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis, are emerging fungal pathogens causing severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. Cockroaches as synanthropic pests are potential mechanical vectors for disseminating these pathogens in urban environments. Data on cockroach-mediated microsporidian transmission in arid regions remain limited.

Objective

This study assessed the contamination of cockroaches in Shiraz, Iran, with E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis to evaluate their role as mechanical vectors and public health risks in arid urban settings. The research aimed to fill knowledge gaps regarding parasitic contamination in healthcare settings.

Results

Three positive cases of E. bieneusi were detected in cockroaches from Chamran Hospital, representing 3/378 specimens (0.8% prevalence). No E. intestinalis DNA was identified via PCR. Periplaneta americana comprised 77.5% of collected cockroaches, while Blattella germanica comprised 22.5%. Microscopic examination revealed Giardia lamblia cysts in four specimens.

Conclusion

This study reports the first molecular detection of E. bieneusi in Shiraz cockroaches, confirming their potential role as mechanical vectors in arid urban healthcare settings. The low prevalence may reflect Shiraz’s arid climate limiting pathogen persistence. Integrated vector management and advanced molecular surveillance are needed to mitigate risks in rapidly urbanizing regions.
  • Published in:Parasite Epidemiology and Control,
  • Study Type:Cross-sectional epidemiological study,
  • Source: PMID: 40687329
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