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Microfungus Podosphaera fusca and the Fungus-like Organism Peronospora ficariae as Potential Inhalant Allergens in a Mouse Model of Asthma

Summary

Researchers studied two types of plant fungi that infect common vegetables and plants to determine if they could cause asthma in mice. They found that both organisms triggered immune responses similar to those caused by known allergens, producing inflammation and asthma-like symptoms. Although their effects were weaker than the reference allergen ovalbumin, both fungi showed significant potential as respiratory allergens. This research suggests these plant parasites should be recognized as possible triggers for asthma and allergic reactions in people.

Background

Allergic conditions affect approximately 30% of the global population, with fungi accounting for about 6% of respiratory issues. Common allergenic fungi include Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria species. The exact causes of respiratory allergies are not always identifiable, suggesting additional undiscovered fungal allergens.

Objective

This study assessed whether two plant parasites, Podosphaera fusca and Peronospora ficariae, can provoke inflammatory and asthmatic reactions in mouse models of acute and chronic asthma. The research evaluated cytokine production, IgE levels, and histological changes in affected lungs.

Results

Both P. fusca and P. ficariae induced significant production of all tested cytokines, increased specific IgE levels, and caused histological changes characteristic of acute and chronic asthma. Although weaker than ovalbumin, both organisms demonstrated proinflammatory and asthma-inducing capabilities, with P. ficariae producing stronger responses than P. fusca in chronic models.

Conclusion

P. fusca and P. ficariae demonstrate potential to be recognized as inhalant allergens and should be added to the list of fungal allergens. These findings support previous in vitro studies showing pro-inflammatory and pro-allergenic properties and suggest these plant parasites may contribute to respiratory allergies in exposed populations.
  • Published in:Cells,
  • Study Type:Experimental Animal Study,
  • Source: 40558541
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