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Microbial communities inhabiting the surface and gleba of white (Tuber magnatum) and black (Tuber macrosporum) truffles from Russia

Summary

This research identifies the various microorganisms living inside truffles, particularly Tuber magnatum (white truffle) and Tuber macrosporum (black truffle). The study found that a yeast-like fungus called Geotrichum consistently lives in both truffle types and likely helps with spore dispersal through smell-producing compounds. The researchers discovered that different parts of the truffle have different microbial communities, which explains why truffles have such unique flavors and aromas.

Background

Truffles are hypogeous fungi with complex symbiotic relationships with their microbiota and obligate mycorrhizal lifestyles. Understanding their microbial communities is critical for developing controlled cultivation protocols. This study represents the first documented discovery of Tuber magnatum in Russian territory.

Objective

To characterize the microbial communities within the surface and gleba tissues of white (Tuber magnatum) and black (Tuber macrosporum) truffle ascomata using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The study aimed to identify taxonomic composition and ecological roles of these microbiota to advance understanding of truffle cultivation.

Results

Geotrichum spp. emerged as a core fungal symbiont in both truffle species, potentially mediating spore dispersal through volatile sulfur compound production. Bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, with nitrogen-fixing Rhizobiaceae and phenol-degrading Mycoplana spp. abundant in T. magnatum. Distinct microbial compositions were observed between surface and gleba tissues, correlating with differences in bioactive compound synthesis.

Conclusion

This study elucidates the taxonomic and functional profiles of truffle-associated microbiota, providing foundational insights into their ecological roles. The identification of key microbial symbionts, particularly Geotrichum spp., advances understanding of mycorrhizal establishment and spore dispersal. These findings support development of sustainable in vitro cultivation protocols for T. magnatum and T. macrosporum.
  • Published in:PeerJ,
  • Study Type:Metabarcoding Analysis,
  • Source: 10.7717/peerj.20037; PMID: 40989903
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