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Microbial-Based Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Comparative Review of Bacteria- and Fungi-Mediated Approaches

Summary

Scientists have developed environmentally friendly ways to create tiny silver particles using bacteria and fungi instead of harsh chemicals. These silver nanoparticles can fight bacteria, help treat cancer, clean contaminated water, and improve food packaging. The review shows that bacteria produce particles quickly but fungi are better for large-scale production and create more stable particles.

Background

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using microorganisms offers an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods. Bacteria and fungi are particularly attractive sources due to their ability to produce AgNPs with tunable properties through natural enzymatic and metabolic processes.

Objective

This review provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of bacterial and fungal synthesis routes for silver nanoparticles, examining their distinct advantages, limitations, and optimal applications for various technological uses.

Results

Bacterial synthesis offers faster growth and genetic manipulation potential but has longer synthesis times compared to plants. Fungal synthesis typically yields higher nanoparticle stability and is better suited for scalable, extracellular production with higher metal tolerance and greater enzyme production capacity.

Conclusion

Microbial-based synthesis represents a viable sustainable alternative to conventional methods for AgNP production. Selection of appropriate microbial systems depends on specific application requirements, with bacteria offering versatility and fungi providing superior scalability and stability for industrial applications.
  • Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.3390/ijms262010163; 41155457
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