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Microbes vs. Nematodes: Insights into Biocontrol Through Antagonistic Organisms to Control Root-Knot Nematodes

Summary

This research explores natural and environmentally friendly ways to control harmful root-knot nematodes that damage crops worldwide. Instead of using chemical pesticides, the study examines how beneficial microorganisms and plant extracts can protect plants from these destructive pests. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps farmers produce healthier crops without harmful chemicals • Contributes to more sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture • Supports food security by protecting crops from damaging pests • Reduces chemical residues in food products • Provides cost-effective alternatives for small-scale farmers

Background

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary endoparasites that cause severe economic losses to agricultural crops globally. Due to European Union regulations limiting nematicide use, there is an urgent need for eco-friendly control strategies. These nematodes not only reduce crop yields but also make plants more susceptible to bacterial and fungal diseases.

Objective

This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of biocontrol methods for managing root-knot nematodes by examining their important known antagonists, modes of action, and interactions. The focus is specifically on biocontrol approaches as safe and reliable alternatives to chemical nematicides.

Results

The review identified numerous effective biocontrol agents, including bacterial species like Pseudomonas and Bacillus, and fungal species such as Purpureocillium lilacinum and Arthrobotrys oligospora. These organisms demonstrated various mechanisms for controlling nematodes including direct parasitism, production of toxic compounds, trapping structures, and induced plant resistance. Plant extracts from families like Meliaceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae also showed significant nematicidal activities.

Conclusion

Biocontrol agents offer sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical nematicides for managing root-knot nematodes. These agents work through multiple mechanisms including parasitism, antibiosis, competition, and induced resistance. For optimal results, an integrated approach combining multiple biocontrol strategies is recommended. Future research should focus on improving production methods and application techniques for these biological control agents.
  • Published in:Plants (Basel),
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.3390/plants12030451
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