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Microbes, Macrophages, and Melanin: A Unifying Theory of Disease as Exemplified by Cancer

Summary

This research proposes a revolutionary new understanding of cancer as being caused by communities of microorganisms rather than random genetic mutations. The study suggests that various microbes can hide inside immune cells, manipulate cellular processes, and use melanin as an energy source to build and spread tumors. This new perspective could lead to more effective cancer treatments targeting the underlying pathogens. Impacts on everyday life: – May lead to new cancer prevention strategies through monitoring and treating microbial infections – Could result in more effective cancer treatments using targeted antimicrobial approaches – Suggests lifestyle modifications to reduce energy sources that fuel cancer-causing microbes – May help explain why some people exposed to cancer risk factors develop cancer while others don’t – Could lead to new diagnostic tests looking for specific microbes rather than just genetic mutations

Background

Despite 250 years of research and billions invested, cancer remains a global health crisis with nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The conventional view that cancer arises from random spontaneous mutations is challenged by statistical improbability and emerging evidence of microbial involvement.

Objective

To provide evidence that tumors are complex microbial communities composed of various microorganisms living within biofilms; that these microorganisms cause genetic mutations and control angiogenesis; that pathogens spread by hiding in tumor cells and immune cells; that cancer risk factors provide energy for pathogens; and that pathogens utilize melanin for energy in building and sustaining tumors and metastasis.

Results

Evidence shows tumors contain diverse microbial communities that can manipulate host genetics and cellular processes. Phagocytic immune cells are found to be pro-tumor while non-phagocytic immune cells are anti-tumor. Pathogens can hijack immune cells and use them to spread cancer. Risk factors for cancer provide energy sources for microbes. Melanin, especially pheomelanin, appears to fuel tumor growth and metastasis.

Conclusion

Cancer tumors appear to be complex microbial communities that evade immune detection by hiding within immune cells. Pathogens manipulate host genetics and utilize melanin for energy to build and sustain tumors. Understanding cancer from the perspective of microbial manipulation rather than random mutations may lead to more effective treatments targeting the underlying pathogens.
  • Published in:Frontiers in Immunology,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1493978
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