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Maize Cultivation in Sun Mushroom Post-Harvest Areas: Yield, Soil Chemical Properties, and Economic Viability

Summary

This research shows that farmers can grow maize right after harvesting sun mushrooms, using the leftover mushroom material as natural fertilizer. This approach reduces the need for expensive chemical fertilizers while maintaining good crop yields. The system is particularly beneficial for small-scale farmers in Brazil, as it allows them to grow food year-round on the same land while saving money on fertilizer costs.

Background

Mushroom cultivation occupies agricultural land seasonally, depositing significant amounts of mycelium and organic matter into the soil. These post-harvest residues can act as natural soil conditioners, improving soil fertility for subsequent crops. Integrating mushroom cultivation into agricultural systems could increase land use efficiency and promote long-term sustainability.

Objective

This study evaluated maize cultivation in sun mushroom post-harvest areas, focusing on soil and leaf macronutrient composition, yield factors, and economic benefits. Four management practices were tested comparing post-harvest areas with and without mineral fertilization against a standard mineral fertilization control.

Results

In the first crop, SMS maintained adequate soil pH and electrical conductivity and increased soil P, Ca, and Mg levels by 5%, 140%, and 23% respectively, without significantly affecting yield. In the second crop, SMS+S+TD was crucial for higher yields (up to 6500 kg ha-1) and showed similarity to the control. SMS reduced mineral fertilization costs, increasing net benefit by up to 380% in the first crop and 150% in the second crop.

Conclusion

Planting maize in sun mushroom post-harvest areas represents a viable alternative to increase grain production for small Brazilian producers while reducing mineral fertilization costs. SMS+S+TD combination was essential for maximizing yield and nutrient absorption in successive crops. Long-term trials are needed to understand nutrient cycling between crops from residue deposition.
  • Published in:Plants (Basel),
  • Study Type:Field Experiment,
  • Source: 10.3390/plants14071097
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